Generated by All in One SEO v5.0.0.1, this is an llms.txt file, used by LLMs to index the site. # Universal Marketing Dictionary Marketing Terms Defined by the Authorities since 2011 ## Sitemaps - [XML Sitemap](https://marketing-dictionary.org/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website. ## Posts - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Everything for Everybody Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/07/28/marketing-term-of-the-week-everything-for-everybody-edition/) - What do you have when each company or division salesperson sells all products to all accounts in a geographic sales territory? ANSWER Marketing Term of the Week ©2026 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Contigency Plan Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/07/20/marketing-term-of-the-week-contigency-plan-edition/) - What do retailers rely on when demand exceeds the sales forecast? ANSWER As a measurement, safety stock is the average amount of inventory on hand when a new shipment arrives. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2026 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Lost Buys Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/07/14/marketing-term-of-the-week-lost-buys-edition/) - The fading of memory and lack of continued response to an advertisement is known as what? ANSWER Because forgetting is a controversial issue among learning theorists, the term decay of advertising effects may be more accurately described as advertising wearout. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2026 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Sound Judgment Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/06/30/marketing-term-of-the-week-sound-judgment-edition/) - The relative communication presence that a specific brand or product achieves through advertising is quantified by which metric? ANSWER Share of Voice is most commonly calculated as a percentage of category media spend, impressions, or gross rating points. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2026 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [Top 10 Marketing Search Terms | June 2026](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/07/01/top-10-marketing-search-terms-june-2026/) - Top 10 marketing-related search terms in the Universal Marketing Dictionary for June 2026 ranked by Organic Google Search Impressions: print media buying roles television industrial products rate card Delphi technique media channel product Herfindahl Index services The Universal Marketing Dictionary is the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions – with more than 1,800 terms defined and over 30,000 monthly users. A project of the Marketing - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Promotion in Notion Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/06/23/marketing-term-of-the-week-promotion-in-notion-edition/) - Products to be sold, number of trial purchases, number of repeat purchases, and audience members reached are normally included in what? ANSWER An advertising objective is a statement prepared by the advertiser to set forth specific goals to be accomplished and the time period in which they are to be accomplished. READ MORE… Marketing Term of - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Promotion in Motion Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/06/16/marketing-term-of-the-week-promotion-in-motion-edition/) - Placing non-personal, paid announcements and messages in time or space is known as what? ANSWER An alternative definition of advertising is “non-personal communication conducted through paid media by a sponsor identifiable by the audience.” READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2026 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Brand Command Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/06/09/marketing-term-of-the-week-brand-command-edition/) - The process of nurturing, taking ownership of, and promoting a company’s brands is known as what? ANSWER Brand stewardship also includes protecting brands. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2026 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Revenue Enablement Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/06/02/marketing-term-of-the-week-revenue-enablement-edition/) - Using marketing techniques to increase the perceived value of a product line over time is called what? ANSWER Effective brand management enables the price of products to go up and builds loyal customers through positive brand associations and images or a strong awareness of the brand. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2026 Universal Marketing Dictionary - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Constant Customer Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/05/26/marketing-term-of-the-week-constant-customer-edition/) - A consumer buying a certain product exclusively from one manufacturer over time is demonstrating what? ANSWER Brand loyalty is the degree to which a consumer consistently purchases the same brand within a product class. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2026 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [Top 10 Marketing Search Terms | May 2026](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/06/01/top-10-marketing-search-terms-may-2026/) - Top 10 marketing-related search terms in the Universal Marketing Dictionary for May 2026 ranked by Organic Google Search Impressions: IRR customer audience goods HHI middleman deal print media fad television The Universal Marketing Dictionary is the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions – with more than 1,800 terms defined and over 30,000 monthly users. A project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board, this is the only - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Find in Mind Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/05/18/marketing-term-of-the-week-find-in-mind-edition/) - The probability that a buyer will notice, recognize, and/or think of a brand in buying situations is called what? ANSWER Mental availability depends on the quality and quantity of memory structures related to the brand. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2026 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Dead to Rights Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/05/12/marketing-term-of-the-week-dead-to-rights-edition/) - The legal loss of trademark protection when a product’s brand mark or name becomes synonymous with the category is known as what? ANSWER An example of genericide is “Aspirin,” which was originally trademarked by Bayer AG but became commonly used to describe a class of pain relievers. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2026 Universal Marketing - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Similarity Irregularity Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/05/05/marketing-term-of-the-week-similarity-irregularity-edition/) - What do Kleenex, Band-Aids, Scotch tape and Post-It notes have in common? ANSWER Genericized brands have brand names that become so well recognized by consumers that the brand serves as the overall category name. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2026 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Sales Team Six Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/04/28/marketing-term-of-the-week-sales-team-six-edition/) - With the Pareto Principle, what percentage of salespeople generate a disproportionately large amount of a firm’s sales? ANSWER The 80/20 Rule or “Pareto Principle” describes a situation in which 20 percent of salespeople, territories, products, or customers generate 80 percent of sales or profits. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2026 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of - [Top 10 Marketing Search Terms | April 2026](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/05/04/top-10-marketing-search-terms-april-2026/) - Top 10 marketing-related search terms in the Universal Marketing Dictionary for April 2026 ranked by Organic Google Search Impressions: customer IRR audience goods HHI deal absolute advantage out of stock print media television The Universal Marketing Dictionary is the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions – with more than 1,800 terms defined and over 30,000 monthly users. A project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board, - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Breadth of a Salesman Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/04/21/marketing-term-of-the-week-breadth-of-a-salesman-edition/) - Objective measures of the amount of effort or resources expended by a sales force are called what? ANSWER Sales force input evaluation criteria can include number of sales calls; amount of time and time utilization; expenses; and non-selling activities such as letters written, phone calls made, and customer complaints received. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Transaction Action Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/04/13/marketing-term-of-the-week-transaction-action-edition/) - Dividing a sales team's output by the amount of resources it expends results in which metric? Dividing a sales team’s output by the amount of resources it expends results in which metric? ANSWER Ratio of output to input is an objective measure of sales force performance. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2026 Universal Marketing Dictionary – - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Just What the Doctor Ordered Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/04/07/marketing-term-of-the-week-just-what-the-doctor-ordered-edition/) - Specifying, branding, and pricing services so that they address a specific customer need is called what? ANSWER Service productization is the process of transforming variable, ad-hoc services and service products into well-defined service products. READ MORE… Thanks to UMD user Professor Jochen WIRTZ, Ph.D. for providing this term! Marketing Term of the Week ©2026 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: New and Improved Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/03/31/marketing-term-of-the-week-new-and-improved-edition/) - Unlike SEO, what focuses on structuring content for natural language queries, providing authoritative answers, and leveraging up-to-date data and citations? ANSWER Generative engine optimization (GEO) is the practice of optimizing content for AI-powered search engines and answer engines, which generally use large language models (LLMs) to deliver conversational, context-rich results. READ MORE… Thanks to UMD user Joanna Vetter for suggesting this - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Big Boper Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/03/25/marketing-term-of-the-week-big-boper-edition/) - If someone tells you that they are going to BOPIS, what are they up to? ANSWER Buy online, pick-up in store is a model that lets shoppers purchase merchandise online and pick up their orders at a physical location. READ MORE… Thanks to UMD user Joanna Vetter for suggesting this term! Marketing Term of the Week ©2026 - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: From a Distance Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/03/17/marketing-term-of-the-week-from-a-distance-edition/) - When evaluating sales territories, sales force managers should consider workload, sales potential and what? ANSWER A third key metric is needed to compare territories – travel time, the amount of time needed to reach customers and potential customers. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2026 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Hard to Handle Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/03/10/marketing-term-of-the-week-hard-to-handle-edition/) - Over-taxed salespeople seeking out too few leads and identifying too few prospects is called what? ANSWER When sales personnel are stretched too thin, the result can be an under-servicing of customers. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2026 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Hails Sales Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/03/02/marketing-term-of-the-week-hails-sales-edition/) - Which tool converts population, effective income and retail sales into a measurement of a market’s ability to purchase products? ANSWER The Buying Power Index (BPI) indicates the percentage of total US retail sales occurring in a specific geographic area and is used to forecast demand for new stores and to evaluate the performance of existing stores. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Coming Transactions Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/02/24/marketing-term-of-the-week-coming-transactions-edition/) - The number of prospects and their buying power are comprised by what? ANSWER A project of MASB the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Food for Thought Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/02/18/marketing-term-of-the-week-food-for-thought-edition/) - What do you call a retail store that sells perishable and nonperishable food products and certain nonedible household items, such as cleaning supplies and paper goods? ANSWER Groceries is a term for the goods purchased at a grocery store. READ MORE… Special thanks to dictionary user Joanna Vetter for suggesting this term be added! Marketing Term of the Week - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Gratification Now Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/02/10/marketing-term-of-the-week-gratification-now-edition/) - What do you call a buyer receiving an item immediately with little or no initial payment and paying off the balance over several payments? ANSWER Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) is the purchase of an article through a type of installment loan. READ MORE… Special thanks to dictionary user Joanna Vetter for suggesting this term be added! Marketing Term - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Back Scratchers Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/02/03/marketing-term-of-the-week-back-scratchers-edition/) - The degree to which a distribution channel relationship is stable and has built loyalty is called what? ANSWER Channel member commitment is the degree to which each member is willing to make sacrifices to maintain the exchange. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2026 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Get to the Point Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/01/27/marketing-term-of-the-week-get-to-the-point-edition/) - What do you call an organized network of agencies and institutions that links producers with end customers to accomplish the marketing task? ANSWER A distribution channel includes all the activities involved in transferring the ownership of goods from the point of production to the point of consumption. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2026 Universal Marketing - [Top 10 Marketing Search Terms | January 2026](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/02/02/top-10-marketing-search-terms-january-2026/) - Top 10 marketing-related search terms in the Universal Marketing Dictionary for January 2026 ranked by organic Google search impressions: customer audience television product goods marketing mix SEO print media services consumer The Universal Marketing Dictionary is the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions – with more than 1,800 terms defined and over 30,000 monthly users. A project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board, this is the - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: What the Tech Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/01/20/marketing-term-of-the-week-what-the-tech-edition/) - Using both exploratory research methods and normative research methods to predict innovations and advances in a particular production method is called what? ANSWER Technological forecasting involves the prediction of innovations and advances in a particular technology. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2026 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Upside-Down Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/01/14/marketing-term-of-the-week-upside-down-edition/) - Which law states that quantity purchased varies inversely with price? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Research Besmirched Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/01/06/marketing-term-of-the-week-research-besmirched-edition/) - What term describes a bias in statistical procedure due to the correlation of multiple independent variables that influence a single dependent variable? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Milk and Cookies Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/12/16/marketing-term-of-the-week-milk-and-cookies-edition/) - If Santa leaves a sweater, socks, a rug and a backpack under your Christmas tree, what did you wish for? ANSWER Soft goods are a subclass of nondurable goods that have a textile base. Examples include clothing and bedding. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [Top 10 Marketing Search Terms for 2025](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2026/01/05/top-10-marketing-search-terms-for-2025/) - Top 10 marketing-related search terms in the Universal Marketing Dictionary for the year 2025 ranked by organic Google search impressions. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Fine Print Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/12/09/marketing-term-of-the-week-fine-print-edition/) - The Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act of 1975 requires the seller of a consumer product who provides a written warranty to indicate what? ANSWER The Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act requires the seller of a consumer product who provides a written warranty to indicate clearly and conspicuously whether the warranty is “full” or “limited.” READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Wink Wink Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/12/02/marketing-term-of-the-week-wink-wink-edition/) - What is an unstated promise of performance extended to a customer? ANSWER An implied warranty is usually assumed from common practice in the trade, or suggested by statements made about the product by the seller. READ MORE… Get Marketing Term of the Week by EMAIL! See PREVIOUS TERMS Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Hulk Smash Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/11/19/marketing-term-of-the-week-hulk-smash-edition/) - What probability mixture model is used to mathematically describe the frequency and timing of product purchases? ANSWER A gamma distribution – or negative binomial distribution (NBD) – is primarily applied to frequently purchased consumer goods. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [Top 10 Marketing Search Terms | November 2025](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/11/30/top-10-terms-nov-2025/) - Top 10 marketing-related search terms in the Universal Marketing Dictionary for November 2025 ranked by organic Google search impressions: premium customer marketing mix goods HHI omnichannel marketing print media consumer out of stock absolute advantage The Universal Marketing Dictionary is the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions – with more than 1,800 terms defined and over 30,000 monthly users. A project of the Marketing Accountability - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Comp and Circumstance Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/11/12/marketing-term-of-the-week-comp-and-circumstance-edition/) - What does a marketing researcher call a body of statistical techniques concerned with the study of interrelationships among a set of variables, none of which is given the special status of a criterion variable? ANSWER Factor analysis allows researchers to investigate concepts that are not easily measured directly by collapsing a large number of variables into - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: More Is More Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/11/04/marketing-term-of-the-week-more-is-more-edition/) - What do you call a savings coupon for a product that's included in customers' orders for that same product? ANSWER A bounce-back offer is a coupon or other selling device included in a customer-ordered product that attempts to sell more of the same or another product to the recipient. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Murderous Merchandising Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/10/29/marketing-term-of-the-week-murderous-merchandising-edition/) - What is the term for a "deadly" destination store that concentrates on one logical grouping of similar goods with common features, making it possible to carry both a broad assortment and deep selection of merchandise, coupled with low price and moderate service? ANSWER Home Depot and Best Buy are examples of category killers in home improvement supplies and - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Enticing Pricing Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/10/23/marketing-term-of-the-week-enticing-pricing-edition/) - Which pricing strategy starts with the estimated price consumers will pay and works in reverse with retail and wholesale margins? ANSWER Demand-backward pricing covers costs while still making a profit margin. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Great Rate Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/10/14/marketing-term-of-the-week-great-rate-edition/) - With which pricing strategy does the seller attempt to set price at the level that the intended buyers are willing to pay? ANSWER Demand-oriented pricing is also known as value-oriented pricing. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [Top 10 Marketing Terms | September 2025](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/10/15/top-10-marketing-terms-september-2025/) - Top 10 marketing-related search terms in the Universal Marketing Dictionary for September 2025 ranked by organic clicks: print media buying roles industrial products television marketing mix return on ad spend advertising price premium attitudes rate card The Universal Marketing Dictionary is the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions – with more than 1,800 terms defined and over 30,000 monthly users. A project of the Marketing - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Social Wellbeing Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/10/08/marketing-term-of-the-week-social-wellbeing-edition/) - Promotion and communication activities carried out by hospitals, clinics, or institutions such as the National Cancer Institute are known as what? ANSWER Health care marketing is designed to influence the behavior of target audiences in which the benefits would accrue to the target’s physical and/or mental health. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Something for Everyone Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/09/30/marketing-term-of-the-week-something-for-everyone-edition/) - Goods that are available in all of the colors, sizes and styles that consumers are looking for are called what? ANSWER Balanced stock is a composition of merchandise inventory that will satisfy customer wants. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Quest for Buyer Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/09/23/marketing-term-of-the-week-quest-for-buyer-edition/) - What do you call the process of finding those potential customers who are in the market and ready to buy? ANSWER In internet terms, acquisition strategy is the attempt to lead customers to a website and to welcome them, answer their questions, and close the sale. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Soothsayer Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/09/17/marketing-term-of-the-week-soothsayer-edition/) - Evaluating the usefulness of a measuring instrument as a foreteller of some characteristic or behavior of an individual is called what? ANSWER Predictive validity is also known as pragmatic validity or criterion-related validity. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Best in Class Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/09/09/marketing-term-of-the-week-best-in-class-edition-2/) - Making a claim that only your advertised brand can make is an example of what? ANSWER Brand differentiation in advertising occurs when the message expresses a “point-of-difference” for the brand. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Slices and Dices Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/09/02/marketing-term-of-the-week-slices-and-dices-edition/) - A salesperson who demonstrates the features and benefits of a good or service when approaching prospects is using which prospecting method? ANSWER With the product approach, a salesperson demonstrates product features and benefits when approaching prospects. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Deceased Feline Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/08/19/marketing-term-of-the-week-deceased-feline-edition/) - Which sales prospecting method involves a salesperson arousing prospects' interest by making intriguing statements? ANSWER With the curiosity approach, a salesperson arouses a prospect’s interest by making a statement that piques their curiosity. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Choosy Mothers Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/08/11/marketing-term-of-the-week-choosy-mothers-edition-2/) - The likelihood of consumers to become brand buyers is predicted by what? ANSWER Propensity modeling predicts the likelihood of consumers to become brand buyers, even if they aren’t currently. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Another Brick Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/08/07/marketing-term-of-the-week-another-brick-edition/) - What's the term for a digital platform that keeps user data from being shared with other media companies, advertisers or agencies? ANSWER The data hidden by a walled garden is needed to help measure unduplicated reach and frequency across all media. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Last Act Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/07/28/marketing-term-of-the-week-last-act-edition/) - What are you measuring when an analytic model assigns credit to the final action before conversion? ANSWER Last-touch attribution assigns credit to the final action before conversion. Multi-touch attribution takes into account all the marketing and other factors that led to a sale or a conversion. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Watching the Watchers Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/07/22/marketing-term-of-the-week-watching-the-watchers-edition/) - Which metric counts the average viewership of all commercials during a program – even if individual spot viewership varies considerably? ANSWER Average minute audience counts average viewership of commercials during a program. C3 is a tally of how many people watched a program live – plus within the following three days. C7 is live plus seven days. READ MORE… Marketing - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: In Common Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/07/15/marketing-term-of-the-week-in-common-edition/) - What do you call a group of individuals with shared characteristics—like behavior, interests or demographics—used in targeting? ANSWER A cohort is a group of individuals matched by common interests, demographics or observed behavior, such as online visits. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Sounds Good Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/07/07/marketing-term-of-the-week-sounds-good-edition/) - What term refers to how well an advertisement aligns with the media context and audience? ANSWER With resonance, which takes context into account, not all impressions are alike. Some make more impact than others because they resonate more with consumers in the media context.. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Out to Pasture Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/06/23/marketing-term-of-the-week-out-to-pasture-edition-2/) - Which investment strategy maximizes the short-run cash flow from a business in expectation of a deterioration of market share and eventual withdrawal from the market? ANSWER A brand included in a harvesting strategy is often referred to as a cash cow. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [Top 10 Marketing Terms | June 2025](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/06/30/top-10-marketing-terms-june-2025/) - Top 10 marketing-related search terms in the Universal Marketing Dictionary for June 2025 ranked by unique pageview: marketing print media brand marketing mix advertising promotion television marketing ROI rate card brand image The Universal Marketing Dictionary is the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions – with more than 1,800 terms defined and over 30,000 monthly users. A project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board, this is - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Simply Said Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/06/16/marketing-term-of-the-week-simply-said-edition/) - Simply Said Edition: What term replaces "net unduplicated audience" with just one syllable? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Right Place Right Time Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/06/10/marketing-term-of-the-week-right-place-right-time-edition/) - What do you call a segment of a population being studied that just happens to be where the study is being conducted when it is being conducted? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Bullseye Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/06/03/marketing-term-of-the-week-bullseye-edition-2/) - Divide the total impressions delivered to the target audience by the total target audience to calculate which metric? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Digging Deep Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/05/27/marketing-term-of-the-week-digging-deep-edition/) - What method involves a marketing researcher taking time to get subjects to express their true feelings? ANSWER - [Top 10 Marketing Terms May 2025](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/05/30/top-10-marketing-terms-may-2025/) - Top 10 marketing-related search terms in the Universal Marketing Dictionary for May 2025 ranked by unique pageview. 1. print media 2. attitudes - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Swell Being Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/05/20/marketing-term-of-the-week-swell-being-edition/) - Income, wealth, safety, education, health, recreation and leisure time are all governing factors for what? ANSWER Quality of life refers to a sense of well-being about a person’s or society’s way of life and lifestyle, often estimated by social indicators. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: One and Only Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/05/13/marketing-term-of-the-week-one-and-only-edition/) - Which metric is defined as the fraction of a brand‘s customers who use only that brand? ANSWER Sole usage is a useful metric for determining loyalty among a brand’s purchasing base. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Proclivity for Profit Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/05/07/marketing-term-of-the-week-proclivity-for-profit-edition/) - The difference between revenue and unit cost before accounting for overhead is called what? ANSWER Gross margin can be expressed as a percentage or in total dollar terms. If the latter, it can be reported on a per-unit basis or on a per-period basis for a company. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: But Wait There's More Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/04/29/marketing-term-of-the-week-but-wait-theres-more-edition/) - What do you call the terms and conditions under which a product is presented for sale to potential customers in direct response advertising? ANSWER The term offer refers to the terms and conditions of a sale (price, quantity, delivery date, shipping costs, guarantee, etc.) READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Center of Attention Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/04/22/marketing-term-of-the-week-center-of-attention-edition/) - What do you call the terms and conditions under which a product is presented for sale to potential customers in direct response advertising? ANSWER The term offer refers to the terms and conditions of a sale (price, quantity, delivery date, shipping costs, guarantee, etc.) READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Bad Influence Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/04/08/marketing-term-of-the-week-bad-influence-edition/) - A set of people that a consumer does NOT want to be affiliated with is called what? ANSWER A dissociative reference group is one that an individual does not want to join or be similar to. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Come Back Soon Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/04/03/marketing-term-of-the-week-come-back-soon-edition/) - What metric is used to monitor firm performance in attracting and retaining customers—specifically, to track changes in the number of active customers, irrespective of the number of transactions (or the dollar value of those transactions) made by each customer? ANSWER Recency refers to the length of time since a customer‘s last purchase. READ MORE… Marketing Term of - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Arms Length Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/03/25/marketing-term-of-the-week-arms-length-edition/) - Which metric measures the portion of an audience exposed to an advertisement enough times to be influenced? ANSWER Effective reach is defined as the number of people or the percentage of the audience that receives an advertising message with a frequency equal to or greater than the effective frequency. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – - [Top 10 Marketing Search Terms – March 2025](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/04/01/top-10-marketing-search-terms-march-2025/) - Top 10 marketing-related search terms in the Universal Marketing Dictionary for March 2025 ranked by unique pageview: print media advertisement advertising online marketing brand distribution channel retail store advertising budget marketing research pricing strategy The Universal Marketing Dictionary is the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions – with more than 1,800 terms defined and over 30,000 monthly users. A project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board, - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: No Brand Is an Island Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/03/11/marketing-term-of-the-week-no-brand-is-an-island-edition/) - Name a product design process in which input from customers plays a central role. ANSWER Co-creation refers to a product design or development process in which input from customers plays a central role. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Sure Thing Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/03/04/marketing-term-of-the-week-sure-thing-edition/) - Test-retest, inter-rater, and parallel are the three types of what? ANSWER A reliable metric is one that is consistent over time and stable over comparable conditions. There are three types of metric reliability. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Where the Piggy Went Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/02/25/marketing-term-of-the-week-where-the-piggy-went-edition/) - A location where exchanges take place, the process of seller and buyer interaction, and the value or size of transactions within a category all define which term? ANSWER Market refers to all individuals and organizations who are actual or potential customers for a product. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: True Aim Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/02/18/marketing-term-of-the-week-true-aim-edition/) - Determining the adequacy with which a characteristic is captured by a marketing measure is called what? ANSWER Content validity is the degree to which a test or metric appears effective in terms of its stated aims. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Information Translation Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/02/11/marketing-term-of-the-week-information-translation-edition/) - What is the term for a coordinated collection of data, tools, and techniques by which an organization gathers and interprets relevant information and turns it into a basis for making management decisions? ANSWER An important aspect of many decision support systems is the facilitation of "what if" analyses; i.e., the sensitivity of optimal marketing strategy - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Real Deal Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/02/03/marketing-term-of-the-week-real-deal-edition/) - Brands that are considered to be genuine, original, unique, expert, visionary, passionate and honest are called what? ANSWER An authentic brand is one that delivers on its promises in a sincere and engaging way. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Brain Strain Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/01/28/marketing-term-of-the-week-brain-strain-edition/) - The extent to which multiple promotional messages compete for the consumer’s attention is known as what? ANSWER Advertising clutter is often used to indicate multiple competing messages in a given time frame and medium (such as television). READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Birds of a Feather Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/01/21/marketing-term-of-the-week-birds-of-a-feather-edition/) - A logical grouping of similar goods or services with common functions, features, or intended uses is called what? ANSWER Beauty & Cosmetics, Food & Beverages and Industrial Tools are each an example of a product category. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Assembly Required Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/01/14/marketing-term-of-the-week-assembly-required-edition/) - An industry in which plant and equipment requirements are large relative to labor is referred to as what? ANSWER Capital intensive can also describe a product. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2025 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Budget Crunch Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2025/01/08/marketing-term-of-the-week-budget-crunch-edition/) - When consumers switch purchases to less-preferred branded products to save money, what are they doing? ANSWER Trading down can include switching to “peer” products on sale, lower-tiered products, or private label/store brand products. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Speak No Good Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/12/16/marketing-term-of-the-week-speak-no-good-edition/) - Marketers deliberately downplaying sustainable actions are guilty of what? ANSWER Greenhushing occurs for a number of reasons, including fear that mentioning the actions will be perceived as greenwashing. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board. - [2024 Top 10 Marketing Search Terms](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/12/31/2024-top-10-marketing-search-terms/) - Top 10 marketing-related search terms in the Universal Marketing Dictionary for the year 2024 ranked by unique pageview: marketing promotion brand marketing research marketing mix buying roles print media marketing return on investment advertising all commodity volume The Universal Marketing Dictionary is the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions – with more than 1,800 terms defined and over 30,000 monthly users. A project - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Rerun Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/12/10/marketing-term-of-the-week-rerun-edition/) - The total number of persons or households exposed more than once to the same advertising campaign during a specified period of time is a measure of what? ANSWER Audience duplication. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Grand Total Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/12/02/marketing-term-of-the-week-grand-total-edition/) - A reduction in the price to be paid for purchases that exceed a given level of volume over a specified period of time is called what? ANSWER Cumulative quantity discounts are also referred to as deferred discounts or patronage discounts. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Match Game Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/11/19/marketing-term-of-the-week-match-game-edition/) - Promotional messages automatically placed on a webpage based on its content, keywords and phrases are examples of what? ANSWER Contextual advertising (or content ads) for digital cameras would automatically be shown on pages about photography – not because the user entered “digital cameras” in a search box. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Round and Round Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/11/11/marketing-term-of-the-week-round-and-round-edition/) - Divide the dollar value of annual product revenues by the average dollar value of your physical stock to calculate what? ANSWER Inventory turns refers to the number of times that inventory “turns over” in a year. It is calculated on the basis of the revenues associated with a product and the level of inventory held. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Two of a Kind Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/11/04/marketing-term-of-the-week-two-of-a-kind-edition/) - Agricultural advertising, industrial advertising, trade advertising, and professional advertising are all examples of what? ANSWER B2B advertising is an area of advertising for goods, services, resources, materials, and supplies purchased and used by businesses. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Ad Lab Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/10/29/marketing-term-of-the-week-ad-lab-edition/) - The group of individuals within a marketing organization who manage and produce advertising and other promotional content can be referred to as what? ANSWER Specific roles and functions within the creative department often include commercial director or producer, copy supervisor, copy writers, graphic artists, and video specialists. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing - [Top 10 Marketing Search Terms – October 2024](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/10/31/top-10-marketing-search-terms-october-2024/) - Top 10 marketing-related search terms in the Universal Marketing Dictionary for October 2024 ranked by unique pageview: marketing mix marketing buying roles print media omnichannel marketing product-market growth matrix brand marketer advertising downloads The Universal Marketing Dictionary is the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions – with more than 1,800 terms defined and over 30,000 monthly users. A project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board, this - [Top 10 Marketing Terms – Sep 2024](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/10/02/top-10-marketing-terms-sep-2024/) - Top 10 marketing-related search terms in the Universal Marketing Dictionary for September 2024 ranked by unique pageview: marketing mix product distribution channel consumer print media target market brand buying roles distribution marketing research The Universal Marketing Dictionary is the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions – with more than 1,800 terms defined and over 30,000 monthly users. A project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board, this - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Functional Formula Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/10/22/marketing-term-of-the-week-functional-formula-edition/) - Name the valuable insight gained by sales managers using this formula: {Sales ($) x [Margin (%) - Commission (%)]} ÷ {Salary ($) + Expenses ($) + Bonus ($)} ANSWER On the basis of a given value for projected sales, managers can determine the break-even number of employees for a firm with this formula. READ MORE… Marketing Term - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Out of the Box Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/10/16/marketing-term-of-the-week-out-of-the-box-edition/) - Diverging from past practices to solve a marketing problem is an example of what? ANSWER Marketing creativity is the application of creativity to advertising, messaging, promotional strategy, packaging, product development, and other related areas. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Seed Money Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/10/08/marketing-term-of-the-week-seed-money-edition/) - What are you doing when you treat advertising expenses as part of the investment required to establish a new product? ANSWER In payout budgeting, advertising expenses are treated as part of the investment required to establish a new product. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Copy Cat Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/10/02/marketing-term-of-the-week-copy-cat-edition/) - What do you call it when an advertiser spends on ads at a level similar to the advertising spending of major competitors? ANSWER With competitive parity budgeting, an advertiser chooses to use a level of spending on advertising that is similar to the advertising spending level being used by major competitors. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Inclined Mind Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/09/25/marketing-term-of-the-week-inclined-mind-edition/) - What do you get when you combine what consumers believe and how strongly they feel about it? ANSWER Measures of attitude concern consumer response to a brand or product. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Hot Topic Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/09/18/marketing-term-of-the-week-hot-topic-edition/) - Placing messages to communicate a viewpoint about a controversial political topic is called what? ANSWER Advocacy advertising is placed by businesses and other organizations to communicate a viewpoint about a controversial topic relating to the social, political, or economic environment. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Chain Strain Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/09/11/marketing-term-of-the-week-chain-strain-edition/) - What do you call the degree to which a channel relationship is stable, loyalty has been built, and each participant is willing to make sacrifices to maintain the exchange? ANSWER Channel member commitment is the degree to which a channel relationship is stable, loyalty has been built, and each channel member is willing to make sacrifices to maintain the - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Chain Gain Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/09/04/marketing-term-of-the-week-chain-gain-edition/) - What is the term for the difference between the price paid by the buyer and the cost to the seller at one point in the distribution chain? ANSWER Channel margin is the difference between the price paid by the buyer and the cost to the seller at that point in the distribution channel. READ MORE… Marketing Term - [Marketing Dictionary Summer Games 3](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/08/20/marketing-dictionary-summer-games-3/) - ANSWER marketing, buy one get one, buying roles, promotion, marketing mix, marketing research, all commodity volume, purchase intention Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board - [Top 10 Marketing Terms – August 2024](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/09/04/top-10-marketing-terms-august-2024/) - Top 10 marketing-related search terms in the Universal Marketing Dictionary for August 2024 ranked by unique pageview: print media buy one get one buying roles marketing marketing mix marketing return on investment all commodity volume product market growth matrix consumer channel margin The Universal Marketing Dictionary is the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions – with more than 1,800 terms defined and over 30,000 - [Top 10 Marketing Search Terms – July 2024](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/08/01/top-10-marketing-search-terms-july-2024/) - Top 10 marketing-related search terms in the Universal Marketing Dictionary for July 2024 ranked by unique pageview: marketing all commodity volume brand buy one get one buying roles ad title promotion purchase intention marketing return on investment government market The Universal Marketing Dictionary is the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions – with more than 1,800 terms defined and over 30,000 monthly users. A - [Marketing Dictionary Summer Games 2](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/07/22/marketing-dictionary-summer-games-2/) - ANSWER Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board - [Marketing Dictionary Summer Games 1](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/07/09/marketing-dictionary-summer-games-1/) - ANSWER Accelerated purchase, Demand density, Effective reach, Face validity, Halo effect, Perfect competition. Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Custom-Tailored Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/06/20/marketing-term-of-the-week-custom-tailored-edition/) - Using data about an individual prospect’s demographics, life stage, behaviors and preferences to deliver to them focused advertisements, messages and offers is called what? ANSWER The goal of personalized marketing is to craft and deliver marketing which is most relevant and persuasive to each prospect. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – - [Top 10 Marketing Terms – June 2024](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/07/03/top-10-marketing-terms-june-2024/) - Top 10 marketing-related search terms in the Universal Marketing Dictionary for June 2024 ranked by unique pageview: brand marketing buy one get one buying roles promotion marketing mix marketing return on investment marketing research all commodity volume purchase intention The Universal Marketing Dictionary is the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions – with more than 1,800 terms defined and over 30,000 monthly users. A - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Center of the Universe Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/06/11/marketing-term-of-the-week-center-of-the-universe-edition/) - Assuming there are similarities and differences in the world that can be understood and recognized in an integrated global strategy is an example of what? ANSWER Geocentric orientation is a synthesis of the ethnocentric orientation (home country) and polycentric orientation (host country). READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: A Few Good Brands Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/05/28/marketing-term-of-the-week-a-few-good-brands-edition/) - The degree to which a comparatively small number of firms account for a large proportion of the market is called what? ANSWER Market concentration is useful in comparing a brand’s relative position across different markets. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board - [Top 10 Marketing Terms – May 2024](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/06/03/top-10-marketing-terms-may-2024/) - Top 10 marketing-related search terms in the Universal Marketing Dictionary for May 2024 ranked by unique pageview: buying roles marketing marketing return on investment print media brand image brand media channel gross rating point all commodity volume market share The Universal Marketing Dictionary is the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions – with more than 1,800 terms defined and over 30,000 monthly users. A - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: The Fun in Function Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/05/22/marketing-term-of-the-week-the-fun-in-function-edition/) - A price reduction offered to a retailer for the functions performed in the movement of goods from manufacturer to consumer is known as what? ANSWER A trade discount is also called a functional discount. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Standard Issue Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/05/16/marketing-term-of-the-week-standard-issue-edition/) - Generalized plans that work across a range of industries and markets are called what? ANSWER Generic strategies provide management with a set of strategic options, one (or a combination) of which can be chosen for application in a specific situation. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Business as Usual Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/05/07/marketing-term-of-the-week-business-as-usual-edition/) - What is the term for business activities carried on to accomplish the sale of goods and services for personal, family or household use? ANSWER Retailing is the selling of products for purposes of personal, family or household use. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Choosy Mothers Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/04/30/marketing-term-of-the-week-choosy-mothers-edition/) - The different available options considered by consumers in decision making are called what? ANSWER Choice alternatives are often the products or brands considered for purchase. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board - [Top 10 Marketing Terms – April 2024](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/05/01/top-10-marketing-terms-april-2024/) - Top 10 marketing-related search terms in the Universal Marketing Dictionary for April 2024 ranked by unique pageview: promotion brand marketing ATR buying roles all commodity volume marketing research marketing return on investment print media advertising The Universal Marketing Dictionary is the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions – with more than 1,800 terms defined and over 30,000 monthly users. A project of the Marketing - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Choice Cuts Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/04/23/marketing-term-of-the-week-choice-cuts-edition/) - Which noncompensatory rule for evaluating alternatives is illustrated below? from Fisher College of Business, Ohio State University ANSWER The Lexicographic Rule suggests that consumers rank choice criteria from most to least important and choose the best alternative on the most important criterion. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Litmus Test Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/04/16/marketing-term-of-the-week-litmus-test-edition/) - The specific attributes used by consumers to evaluate and choose from a set of alternatives are called WHAT? ANSWER Choice criteria are the specific attributes or consequences used by consumers to evaluate and choose from a set of alternatives. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Every Man for Himself Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/04/10/marketing-term-of-the-week-every-man-for-himself-edition/) - To determine which relationships with your product's end users are the most valuable, calculate WHAT? ANSWER Customer profit (CP) is the profit the firm makes from serving a customer over a specified period of time. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Stretch & Fit Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/04/03/marketing-term-of-the-week-stretch-fit-edition/) - Which marketing metric measures how changes in expenditures behind an advertisement affect its ability to generate sales? ANSWER Advertising elasticity of demand (AED) measures how changes in expenditures behind an advertisement or advertising campaign affect its ability to generate a measured response (e.g. sales). READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Qualities Checked Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/03/26/marketing-term-of-the-week-qualities-checked-edition/) - Name a statistical technique in which respondents’ valuations of attributes are inferred from the preferences they express for various combinations of these attributes. ANSWER Conjoint analysis is a statistical technique in which respondents’ utilities or valuations of attributes are inferred from the preferences they express for various combinations of these attributes. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Scrambled Metrics Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/03/20/marketing-term-of-the-week-scrambled-metrics-edition/) - R I G I M O Unscramble these letters to find a metric that is vital in determining whether sales rates justify inventory positions. ANSWER Gross margin return on inventory investment (GMROII) is a profitability metric for retail products and categories. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Proper Profit Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/03/13/marketing-term-of-the-week-proper-profit-edition/) - Which metric adjusts gross margin for costs such as storage, handling, and allowances paid by suppliers? ANSWER In measuring direct product profitability (DPP), retailers factor in such line items as storage, handling, and manufacturer’s allowances, warranties, and financing plans into calculations of earnings on specific product sales. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Inevitable Demise Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/02/27/marketing-term-of-the-week-inevitable-demise-edition/) - What is the term for the drop in sales that results as a product is replaced or goes into disfavor? ANSWER Decline is the fourth stage in the Product Life Cycle. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: New & Improved Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/02/20/marketing-term-of-the-week-new-improved-edition/) - Products that represent new flavors, sizes, models, applications and strengths of existing products are called WHAT? ANSWER A line extension is a new product marketed by an organization that already has at least one other product being sold in that product/market area. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Shiny Objects Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/02/13/marketing-term-of-the-week-shiny-objects-edition/) - What are you guilty of when you distract consumers from a product's major sustainability failings by drawing attention to a positive aspect that is attention-grabbing? ANSWER Greendazzling is a form of greenwashing. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Coming Clean Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/02/06/marketing-term-of-the-week-coming-clean-edition/) - Companies should be truthful, transparent, and use language consumers can understand when discussing sustainability to avoid WHAT? ANSWER Greenwashing is the act of misleading others into believing that a product offering is more sustainable than it is. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary – a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Better Mousetrap Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/02/01/marketing-term-of-the-week-better-mousetrap-edition/) - Reducing the negative impact of a company’s activities by modifying an existing product is called WHAT? ANSWER Sustainable innovation includes modification of an existing product to significantly reduce the negative impact, in terms of sustainability, of an organization’s activities. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Definition Sustained Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/01/24/marketing-term-of-the-week-definition-sustained-edition/) - Is adopting a reduced packaging strategy an example of sustainable marketing or sustainability marketing? ANSWER Sustainable marketing aims to recognize and address negative environmental and societal externalities while enhancing positive environmental, international development, and societal benefits. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary - [Top 10 Marketing Terms – January 2024](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/02/01/top-10-marketing-terms-january-2024/) - Top 10 marketing-related search terms in the Universal Marketing Dictionary for January 2024 ranked by unique pageview: marketing marketing mix buying roles above-the-line marketing marketing return on investment share of requirements buy one get one brand A/B testing all commodity volume The Universal Marketing Dictionary is the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions – with more than 1,800 terms defined - [Top 10 Marketing Terms 2023](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/01/24/top-10-marketing-terms-2023/) - Which terms were top of mind in the marketing sphere last year? These were the Universal Marketing Dictionary's Top 10 marketing-related search terms for 2023 ranked by unique pageview: buying roles all commodity volume marketing mix marketing gross rating point product-market growth matrix target rating points media channel marketing return on investment brand What terms will - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Future So Bright Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/01/17/marketing-term-of-the-week-future-so-bright-edition/) - Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs is called WHAT? ANSWER Sustainability is a broad term that goes beyond environmental responsibility and includes social ends such as international economic development. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2024 Universal Marketing Dictionary - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Best Buys Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2024/01/09/marketing-term-of-the-week-best-buys-edition/) - The combination of needs and reasons to visit one or more stores is known as a WHAT? ANSWER A shopping mission is a goal for a particular shopping occasion. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2023 Universal Marketing Dictionary - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Stocking Stuffers Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/12/12/marketing-term-of-the-week-stocking-stuffers-edition/) - Sculptures, chalkboards, furniture, toiletries, clothing, fire engines, fuel and fighter jets are all included in WHAT? A government market is one which includes purchases by governmental units—federal, state, and local—that procure or rent goods and services. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2023 Universal Marketing Dictionary - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Mindful Metric Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/12/06/marketing-term-of-the-week-mindful-metric-edition/) - What kind of metric can detect small differences in marketing outcomes and actions? ANSWER A sensitive marketing metric is one that detects even small, meaningful differences in outcomes and actions. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2023 Universal Marketing Dictionary - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Control Q Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/11/30/marketing-term-of-the-week-control-q-edition/) - Discovering factors that influence people’s behavior through focus groups, interviews and open-ended questionnaires is called WHAT? ANSWER Qualitative research collects detailed descriptions of an event or situation with the aim of uncovering new insights and understanding. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2023 Universal Marketing Dictionary - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Dog Eat Dog Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/11/16/marketing-term-of-the-week-dog-eat-dog-edition/) - Horizontal integration is when a company acquires one or more of its competitors. ANSWER Marketing Term of the Week ©2023 Universal Marketing Dictionary - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Gets the Worm Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/11/07/marketing-term-of-the-week-gets-the-worm-edition/) - Who pays attention to what innovators have discovered and finds a practical use for the innovation? ANSWER Early adopters follow innovators and precede the early majority. Their role is to be opinion leaders and have influence over the early majority. READ MORE… Please share this free educational resource from MASB! Email Facebook Reddit Buffer Livejournal Pinterest - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Guinea Pig Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/11/01/marketing-term-of-the-week-guinea-pig-edition/) - The first people to adopt a new product that has been introduced into the marketplace are called WHAT? ANSWER Innovators are the first to adopt a new product that has been introduced into the marketplace. READ MORE… Please share this free educational resource from MASB! Email Facebook Reddit Buffer Livejournal Pinterest Linkedin Whatsapp Wordpress Marketing Term of - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Future Cents Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/10/25/marketing-term-of-the-week-future-cents-edition/) - Which metric summarizes the value of cash flows over multiple periods? ANSWER Marketing Term of the Week ©2023 Universal Marketing Dictionary - [Top 10 Marketing Terms – October 2023](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/10/31/top-10-marketing-terms-october-2023/) - Top 10 marketing-related search terms for October 2023 ranked by unique pageview: buying roles aggregation marketing family life cycle gross rating point media channel marketing mix marketing return on investment all commodity volume category development index The Universal Marketing Dictionary is the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions – with more than 18,000 terms defined and over 30,000 monthly users. A project - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Part and Parcel Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/10/17/marketing-term-of-the-week-part-and-parcel-edition/) - The contribution to a product’s worth by any organization that handles it on its way to the ultimate user is called WHAT? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Best in Class Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/10/11/marketing-term-of-the-week-best-in-class-edition/) - What is the term for the sum of the market shares held by the top four competitors in a market? ANSWER A four-firm concentration ratio is the total of the market shares held by the top four competitors in a market. READ MORE… Get Marketing Term of the Week by EMAIL! See PREVIOUS TERMS Please share this free educational - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Now You See It Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/10/04/marketing-term-of-the-week-now-you-see-it-edition/) - What things come into existence at the same time they are bought and consumed? ANSWER Service products are often difficult to identify because they come into existence at the same time they are bought and consumed. READ MORE… Please share this free educational resource from MASB! Email Facebook Reddit Buffer Livejournal Pinterest Linkedin Whatsapp Wordpress Marketing - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Brand New Term Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/09/27/marketing-term-of-the-week-brand-new-term-edition/) - What term was recently coined to describe a relatively permanent loss of customer brand preference by a product? ANSWER Brand divorce is a colloquial marketing term that describes a relatively permanent loss of customer brand preference by a product. READ MORE… Please share this free educational resource from MASB! Email Facebook Reddit Buffer Livejournal Pinterest Linkedin - [Top 10 Marketing Terms – September 2023](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/10/02/top-10-marketing-terms-september-2023/) - Top 10 marketing-related search terms for September 2023 ranked by unique pageview: marketing mix buying roles marketing marketing research all commodity volume ICS omnichannel marketing consumer print media target market The Universal Marketing Dictionary is the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions – with more than 18,000 terms defined and over 30,000 monthly users. A project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board, - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Back to Basics Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/09/20/marketing-term-of-the-week-back-to-basics-edition-2/) - Because they are uncomplicated and easy to use, sales revenue and average price per unit are which kind of metrics? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Measured Response Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/09/13/marketing-term-of-the-week-measured-response-edition/) - What kind of metric is scaled to be meaningful across a specified context such as a set of products? ANSWER A calibrated metric is one that is scaled (or scored) to be meaningful across a specified context such as a set of conditions, products, markets, or cultures. READ MORE… Please share this free educational resource from MASB! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Pitch Perfect Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/09/06/marketing-term-of-the-week-pitch-perfect-edition/) - Name a strategy that uses a combination of activities, techniques, and media to deliver a coordinated message to a target market with a synergistic effect while achieving common objectives. ANSWER Integrated marketing communication (IMC) is a marketing strategy that uses “a cohesive combination of marketing communications activities, techniques, and media designed to deliver a coordinated message…” READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Stretchy Metrics Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/08/22/marketing-term-of-the-week-stretchy-metrics-edition/) - Price elasticity is generally expected to be most closely related to which of these metrics: Profit after Tax Contribution margin as a percentage of selling price Return on Investment, OR Brand loyalty ANSWER 2) Contribution margin as a percentage of sales is generally close to the difference between selling price and marginal costs as a percentage of - [Top 10 Marketing Terms – August 2023](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/09/05/top-10-marketing-terms-august-2023/) - Top 10 marketing-related search terms for August 2023 ranked by unique pageview: customer services buying roles competition all commodity volume distribution channel product target market goods marketing research The Universal Marketing Dictionary (formerly the Common Language Marketing Dictionary) is the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions – with more than 18,000 terms defined and over 30,000 monthly users. A project of the Marketing - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: De Rigeur Disclosures Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/08/16/marketing-term-of-the-week-de-rigeur-disclosures-edition/) - Which two of the following metrics are unlikely to be found in a company's annual report? ROS EVA ROI ROAS MROI - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Summer Games 3](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/07/13/marketing-term-of-the-week-summer-games-3/) - There are at least 24 terms from the Universal Marketing Dictionary in this puzzle. How many can you find? ANSWER actual value, artificial intelligence, balanced stock, boycott, clickstream, content validity, demarketing, differentiation, embargo, exposure, financial value of brand, geodemographics, goods, gross rating point, influencer, junket, knowledge, marketing mix, meta tag, microsegmentation, spider, traffic, usenet, wearout - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Summer Games 2](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/06/26/marketing-term-of-the-week-summer-games-2/) - SIZZLING SUMMER SCRAMBLES! Rearrange the letters to form five important marketing terms: I C C E O H the outcome of purchase decision making N A G G R T E T I narrowly focusing marketing activities L E N D M M D I A link between producers and ultimate consumers D G S A A - [Top 10 Marketing Terms – June 2023](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/06/30/top-10-marketing-terms-june-2023/) - Top 10 search terms for May 2023 ranked by unique pageview: buying roles marketing mix all commodity volume marketing return on investment target rating points gross rating point family life cycle product-market growth matrix industrial products media channel The Universal Marketing Dictionary (formerly the Common Language Marketing Dictionary) is the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions – with more than 18,000 - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Summer Games 1](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/06/20/marketing-term-of-the-week-summer-games-1/) - Match each word with its partner to form eight important terms from the Universal Marketing Dictionary: ANSWER cluster sample, forward integration, hurdle rate, marginal utility, account opener, balloon test, price premium, true panel Please share this free educational resource from MASB! Email Facebook Reddit Buffer Livejournal Pinterest Linkedin Whatsapp Wordpress Marketing Term of the Week ©2023 Universal Marketing Dictionary - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: True Worth Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/06/14/marketing-term-of-the-week-true-worth-edition/) - Studying the costs versus the benefits of a purchased material to reduce the cost/benefit ratio is called WHAT? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Cheap Thrills Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/06/06/marketing-term-of-the-week-cheap-thrills-edition/) - Pricing items below cost to attract customers is called WHAT? ANSWER Loss-leader pricing is the featuring of items priced below cost or at relatively low prices to attract customers. READ MORE… Please share this free educational resource from MASB! Email Facebook Reddit Buffer Livejournal Pinterest Linkedin Whatsapp Wordpress Marketing Term of the Week ©2023 Universal Marketing Dictionary ○ - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Apple Cart Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/06/01/marketing-term-of-the-week-apple-cart-edition/) - Which process enables a small company with fewer resources to successfully challenge larger, established businesses? ANSWER Disruptive innovation is a process by which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then relentlessly moves up market, eventually displacing established competitors. READ MORE… Please share this free educational - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Just the Facts Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/05/24/marketing-term-of-the-week-just-the-facts-edition/) - A metric that provides facts, explanations and information not subject to personal interpretation or distortion can be called WHAT? An objective metric is one that provides facts, explanations and information that are not subject to personal interpretation or distortion by personal feelings or prejudices. READ MORE… Please share this free educational resource from MASB! Email Facebook Reddit - [Top 10 Marketing Terms – May 2023](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/05/31/top-10-marketing-terms-may-2023/) - Top 10 search terms for May 2023 ranked by unique pageview: all commodity volume marketing mix buying roles product-market growth matrix price per statistical unit brand industrial products family life cycle media channel Voice of the Customer (VOC) The Universal Marketing Dictionary (formerly the Common Language Marketing Dictionary) is the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions – with more - [Top 10 Marketing Terms – April 2023](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/05/01/top-10-marketing-terms-april-2023/) - Total Unique Pageviews for all Universal Marketing Dictionary terms in May 2023: 5,596 [Google Analytics] Top 10 search terms for May 2023 ranked by unique pageview: buying roles all commodity volume marketing mix product-market growth matrix target rating points gross rating point marketing idea screening industrial products marketing return on investment The Universal Marketing Dictionary (formerly the Common Language Marketing Dictionary) - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Action Through Inaction Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/05/16/marketing-term-of-the-week-action-through-inaction-edition/) - Customers collectively refusing to use or buy products from a certain brand or company as a form of protest is called WHAT? ANSWER A boycott, in the marketing context, is a form of protest where a group of customers collectively refuse to use or buy products from a certain brand or company. READ MORE… Get Marketing Term of - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Huge Info Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/05/04/marketing-term-of-the-week-huge-info-edition/) - Large, diverse and complex sets that comprise large volumes of structured and unstructured information are known as WHAT? ANSWER Big Data refers to large, diverse, and complex data sets that comprise large volumes of structured and unstructured information. READ MORE… MASB BIG DATA INITATIVE Marketing Term of the Week ©2023 Universal Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Risk Assessment Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/04/26/marketing-term-of-the-week-risk-assessment-edition/) - To predict how selling costs change with sales, a firm must distinguish between WHAT? ANSWER To predict how selling costs change with sales, a firm must distinguish between fixed selling costs and variable selling costs. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2023 Universal Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved ○ a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Off Track Betting Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/04/19/marketing-term-of-the-week-off-track-betting-edition/) - The residual balance of current purchase allotments is referred to by which abbreviation? ANSWER OTB (Open To Buy) refers to the residual balance of current purchase allotments… READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2023 Universal Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved ○ a project of the Marketing Accountability Standards Board (MASB) - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Wait There's More Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/04/05/marketing-term-of-the-week-wait-theres-more-edition/) - What is the term for a consumer's general inclination to make product purchase decisions on the basis of whether or not a particular product is temporarily being offered at a reduced price? ANSWER Deal proneness refers to a consumer’s general inclination to make product purchase decisions on the basis of whether or not a particular product - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Mountain Movers Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/03/21/marketing-term-of-the-week-4/) - A firm that assists in the performance of distribution tasks is referred to as WHAT? ANSWER A facilitating agent is a business firm that assists in the performance of distribution tasks other than buying, selling, and transferring title. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2023 Universal Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved ○ a project of - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Mind Bender Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/03/15/marketing-term-of-the-week-mind-bender-edition/) - The thoughts that a persuasive message invokes in a consumer are referred to as WHAT? ANSWER Marketing Term of the Week ©2023 Universal Marketing Dictionary - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Clear-Sighted Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/03/07/marketing-term-of-the-week-clear-sighted-edition/) - What kind of marketing metric allows the user to know its limitations, construction, and sources of data? ANSWER ©2023 Universal Marketing Dictionary - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: I Robot Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/03/02/marketing-term-of-the-week-i-robot-edition/) - What type of artificial intelligence are marketers now using to create personalized advertisements? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Fool Me Twice Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/02/22/marketing-term-of-the-week-fool-me-twice-edition/) - A consumer's decreasing probability of a repeat purchase after a bad experience with a brand is due to WHAT? ANSWER The Law of Effect states that the consumer’s probability of repeating the purchase of a brand would increase if he/she were satisfied with the purchase and decrease if dissatisfied. READ MORE! Marketing Term of the Week ©2023 Universal Marketing Dictionary - [Top 10 Marketing Terms • February 2023](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/03/01/top-10-marketing-terms-february-2023/) - Top 10 Terms for February 2023 ranked by unique pageview: buying roles, marketing mix, all commodity volume, gross rating point... - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Self-Examination Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/02/14/marketing-term-of-the-week-self-examination-edition/) - Analyzing internal and environmental factors that influence business performance as well as comparing it to past performance is the first stage in WHAT PROCESS? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Bad Intel Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/02/08/marketing-term-of-the-week-bad-intel-edition/) - What nonsampling mistake arises when inaccurate information is secured from the sample elements? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Jive Talking Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/02/02/marketing-term-of-the-week-jive-talking-edition/) - Which term for items used to identify a seller's product has often been used in a slang or colloquial way that causes much confusion? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Big Picture Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/01/25/marketing-term-of-the-week-big-picture-edition/) - What field of study investigates the broad cultural, political, social and economic interaction from marketing? ANSWER Macromarketing has been defined as the study of marketing processes, activities, institutions, and results from a broad perspective (such as a nation), in which cultural, political, and social as well as economic interaction are investigated. READ MORE… Marketing Term of - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Satisfaction Guaranteed Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/01/18/marketing-term-of-the-week-satisfaction-guaranteed-edition/) - From MASB Executive Director Frank Findley: What have marketers traditionally received in lieu of cash refunds when a program achieves lower ratings than planned for their ad placement? ANSWER Make-goods are free time or space provided to advertisers to make up for a program’s lower than expected ratings or an advertisement insertion that has been missed - [Top 10 Marketing Terms for 2022](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/01/01/top-10-marketing-terms-for-2022/) - Total Unique Pageviews for all Universal Marketing Dictionary terms in 2022: 186,746 [Google Analytics] - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: There's No "i" Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2023/01/13/marketing-term-of-the-week-theres-no-i-edition/) - Involving a group of people familiar with the viewpoints and concerns of a customer’s key decision makers to service a major account is known as WHAT? ANSWER Team selling refers to the practice of involving a group of people familiar with the viewpoints and concerns of a customer’s key decision makers to sell and service a major - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: North Pole Express Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/12/20/marketing-term-of-the-week-north-pole-express-edition/) - Which system enables Santa and his elves (as well as retailers) to put gifts under every Christmas tree by reducing the lead time for receiving merchandise, thereby lowering inventory investment? ANSWER A quick-response (QR) delivery system is a finished product inventory management system designed to reduce the lead time for receiving merchandise, thereby lowering inventory investment, improving customer service - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Farpoint Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/12/13/marketing-term-of-the-week-farpoint-edition/) - What technique involves putting a number of statements into categories to derive clusters of individuals who display similar preference orderings of stimuli? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Upper Hand Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/12/06/marketing-term-of-the-week-upper-hand-edition/) - When a country has the capacity to produce goods at a lower cost than another country, it is said to have WHAT? ANSWER When a country has the capacity to produce goods at a lower cost than another country, it is said to have an absolute advantage. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2022 Universal - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Practice Makes Perfect Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/12/01/marketing-term-of-the-week-practice-makes-perfect-edition/) - The systematic decline in the cost per unit achieved as cumulative volume increases is known as WHAT? ANSWER The experience curve effect refers to the systematic decline in the cost per unit that is achieved as the cumulative volume (and therefore experience) increases. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2022 Universal Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Hands Off Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/11/22/marketing-term-of-the-week-hands-off-edition/) - What measurement taken in an experiment ensures that subjects accurately perceive the changes in the treatment variable? ANSWER A manipulation check is a measurement taken in an experiment to make sure that subjects accurately perceived the actual changes in the treatment variable. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2022 Common Language Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Muscle Memory Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/11/16/marketing-term-of-the-week-muscle-memory-edition/) - What term describes how the buying decision process requires very little cognitive effort following a sufficient number of purchases of a particular brand? ANSWER Routinized choice behavior occurs after a sufficient number of “trials” or purchases of a particular brand. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2022 Common Language Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved ○ a project - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Triangulation Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/11/02/marketing-term-of-the-week-triangulation-edition/) - What marketing tool includes a description of a product's target market, the frame of reference in which it's to be perceived, and an articulation of its differentiating benefits? ANSWER A positioning statement contains a description of the target market, the frame of reference in which the product is to be perceived, an articulation of the product’s differentiating - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Marketing Mouthpiece Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/10/26/marketing-term-of-the-week-marketing-mouthpiece-edition/) - In addition to providing insights into category and customer trends, the CMO is often relied upon to convey WHAT to corporate management? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Abbreviation Augmentation Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/10/19/marketing-term-of-the-week-anagram-jam-1/) - What letter was added to the PEO Model in 2014? ANSWER In the 2014 book Spin Sucks, Gina Dietrich presented the PESO (Paid-Earned-Shared-Owned) Model, which includes shared media as a fourth group. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2022 Common Language Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved ○ a project of MASB, the Marketing Accountability Standards Board - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Digital Footprint Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/10/05/marketing-term-of-the-week-digital-footprint-edition/) - Content such as product packaging, SEO efforts, and marketer podcasts is classified as WHAT? ANSWER Owned media is content distributed through marketer owned or controlled properties. This includes items such as articles on the marketer’s websites, product packaging, search engine optimization efforts, and marketer blog, podcast and video posts. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: The Hard Way Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/09/29/marketing-term-of-the-week-the-hard-way-edition/) - Content distributed through third-party-owned channels without a fee is called WHAT? ANSWER Earned media is content distributed through third-party-owned channels without a fee. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2022 Common Language Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved ○ a project of MASB, the Marketing Accountability Standards Board - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Glass How Full Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/09/20/marketing-term-of-the-week-glass-how-full-edition/) - Short- and long-term expectations of business conditions and the individual’s perceived economic well-being are measured by WHAT? ANSWER The Index of Consumer Sentiment (ICS) measures the confidence or optimism (pessimism) of consumers in their future well-being and coming economic conditions. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2022 Common Language Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved ○ a - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: I Spy Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/09/13/marketing-term-of-the-week-i-spy-edition/) - Techniques that investigate how people live, what interests them, and what they like are referred to as WHAT? ANSWER Psychographics refer to techniques that investigate how people live, what interests them, and what they like. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2022 Common Language Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved ○ a project of MASB, the - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: 12 Angry Men Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/09/07/marketing-term-of-the-week-12-angry-men-edition/) - Polling the executives of a company regarding a specific decision or forecast is known as WHAT? ANSWER A jury of executive (or expert) opinion is a research method in which the executives of a company are polled regarding a specific decision or forecast. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2022 Common Language Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved ○ - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Head-to-Head Pt 4](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/08/31/head-to-head-pt-4/) - A market situation in which there are few buyers but potentially a large number of sellers is called WHAT? ANSWER An oligopsony is a market situation in which there are few buyers but potentially a large number of sellers. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2022 Common Language Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved ○ a project - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Head-To-Head Pt 3](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/08/25/marketing-term-of-the-week-head-to-head-pt-3/) - What do you have when there is a match between your firm's distinctive competencies and factors critical for success that permit you to outperform your rivals? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Head-To-Head Pt 2](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/08/17/marketing-term-of-the-week-head-to-head-2/) - Gathering data and info about all aspects of your rivals’ marketing and business activities for the purpose of formulating strategies is called WHAT? ANSWER Competitive intelligence is the systematic gathering of data and information about all aspects of competitors’ marketing and business activities for the purpose of formulating plans and strategies and making decisions. READ MORE… Marketing Term of - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Head-To-Head Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/08/09/marketing-term-of-the-week-head-to-head-edition/) - The number and strength of rival firms vying for market share for a product is called WHAT? ANSWER Competitive environment refers to the number and strength of rival firms competing in the market for a product. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2022 Common Language Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved ○ a project of MASB, the Marketing Accountability Standards - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Client Reliant Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/08/04/marketing-term-of-the-week-client-reliant-edition/) - Name a collaborative practice that contributes and adds value to a client’s business through deep expertise and specific technical knowledge of... - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Cognition Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/07/27/marketing-term-of-the-week-cognition-edition/) - In marketing, consumers’ remembered beliefs about products and brands are called WHAT? ANSWER Knowledge refers to consumers’ meanings or beliefs about products, brands, stores, etc., that are stored in memory. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2022 Common Language Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved ○ a project of MASB, the Marketing Accountability Standards Board - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Out to Pasture Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/07/19/marketing-term-of-the-week-out-to-pasture-edition/) - The process of a product becoming out-of-date and no longer in use is known as WHAT? ANSWER Obsolescence is the act or process of a product becoming out-of-date, discarded, no longer in use. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2022 Common Language Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved ○ a project of MASB, the Marketing Accountability Standards - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: 300th Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/07/12/marketing-term-of-the-week-300th-edition/) - Which approach to marketing allows CMOs to take responsibility for the profit or loss from investments in marketing activities and demonstrate the financial contributions of specific marketing programs to the overall financial objectives of the firm, including brand asset value? ANSWER Marketing accountability refers to the use of metrics to link a firm’s marketing actions to financially relevant outcomes - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Time On Your Side Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/06/29/marketing-term-of-the-week-time-on-your-side-edition/) - What differentiates a subscriber from other types of customers? ANSWER A customer who repeatedly purchases on a predetermined schedule is also referred to as a subscriber. READ MORE... Marketing Term of the Week ©2022 Common Language Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved ○ a project of MASB, the Marketing Accountability Standards Board - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Bad Business Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/06/22/marketing-term-of-the-week-bad-business-edition/) - Which illegal practice involves a person agreeing to sell a product only on the condition that the vendee also purchase another product? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: It Slices It Dices Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/06/15/marketing-term-of-the-week-it-slices-it-dices-edition/) - A statement about of a specific product performance characteristic delivering a particular customer benefit is known as WHAT? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Bottom Line Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/06/08/marketing-term-of-the-week-bottom-line-edition-2/) - Which noncompensatory rule suggests that consumers establish a minimum acceptable level for each choice criterion and accept an alternative only if it equals... - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Tradeoffs Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/06/02/marketing-term-of-the-week-tradeoffs-edition/) - Which type of rules suggest that positive and negative consequences of alternatives do not reduce or counteract each other? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Qu'est-ce Que C'est Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/05/25/marketing-term-of-the-week-quest-ce-que-cest-edition/) - Multiplying cost-per-click times click-through rate and then multiplying that by 1,000 results in which Internet advertising metric? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: View a SKU Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/05/18/marketing-term-of-the-week-view-a-sku-edition/) - A firm’s ability to convey a product to its customers in terms of total number of outlets carrying the brand is measured by WHAT? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Dinner and a Movie Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/05/11/marketing-term-of-the-week-dinner-and-a-movie-edition/) - A trade promotion in which the retailer is allowed to buy a certain amount of product and then pay for it over a prolonged period of time is called WHAT? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Going Dutch Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/05/04/marketing-term-of-the-week-going-dutch-edition/) - A research method for establishing the range that customers are willing to pay for a product is known as WHAT? ANSWER Price sensitivity meter (PSM) is a research method for establishing the range of prices that customers are willing to pay for a product. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2022 Common Language Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved ○ a project of MASB, - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Copycat Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/04/27/marketing-term-of-the-week-copycat-edition/) - Determining an ad’s effectiveness based on consumer responses, feedback and behavior is known as WHAT? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Chalkboard Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/04/20/marketing-term-of-the-week-chalkboard-edition/) - Gross cost of merchandise sold is subtracted from net sales to calculate WHAT? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Bullseye Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/04/14/marketing-term-of-the-week-bullseye-edition/) - The amount of sales necessary to generate the profits specified in a company’s plans is known as WHAT? ANSWER Target volume is the volume of sales necessary to generate the profits specified in a company’s plans. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2022 Common Language Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved ○ a project of MASB, the Marketing - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Of All Things Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/03/29/marketing-term-of-the-week-of-all-things-edition/) - The strategic integration of all possible points of contact between customers/prospects and the marketer and/or marketer’s products is known as WHAT? ANSWER Omnichannel marketing includes the channels for media (including social media), sales, distribution and customer support. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2022 Common Language Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved ○ a project of MASB, - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Up and Over Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/03/23/marketing-term-of-the-week-up-and-over-edition/) - The minimum rate of return at which project investment is approved is known as WHAT? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Show Me the Money Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/03/17/marketing-term-of-the-week-show-me-the-money-edition-2/) - Comparing the sales generated by advertising to their corresponding advertising costs results in which metric? ANSWER Thanks to Rick Abens at Foresight ROI... - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Bottom Line Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/03/08/marketing-term-of-the-week-bottom-line-edition/) - Which rule suggests that consumers establish a minimum acceptable level for each choice criterion and accept an alternative only if it equals or exceeds each? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Abbreviation Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/03/02/marketing-term-of-the-week-acronym-edition/) - Which metric is the measure of net profit as a percentage of sales revenue? ANSWER Return on Sales (ROS) is the measure of net profit as a percentage of sales revenue. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2022 Common Language Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved ○ a project of MASB, the Marketing Accountability Standards Board - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Hacker, Hitter, Grifter, Thief Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/02/24/marketing-term-of-the-week-answer/) - Any strategic or tactical advantage used for brand growth can be referred to as WHAT? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: The Only Constant Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/02/16/marketing-term-of-the-week-the-only-constant-edition/) - A sample of respondents measured repeatedly over time on variables that change from measurement to measurement is known as WHAT? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Brand Demand Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/02/10/marketing-term-of-the-week-brand-demand-edition/) - Within a group of buyers of a specific brand, the percentage of purchases within the relevant category accounted for by the brand is known as WHAT? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: The Whole Enchilada Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/02/02/marketing-term-of-the-week-the-whole-enchilada-edition/) - Primary demand refers to the demand for WHAT? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Tailor Made Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/01/27/marketing-term-of-the-week-3/) - Operating in several segments of the market with offerings and market strategies tailored to each segment is called WHAT? ANSWER In differentiated marketing, a business operates in several segments of the market with offerings and market strategies tailored to each segment. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2022 Common Language Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Next Step Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/01/20/marketing-term-of-the-week-next-step-edition/) - In the Hierarchy of Effects model, which purchasing stage follows LIKING? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: DIY Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/01/12/marketing-term-of-the-week-diy-edition/) - Manufacturers acquire or develop wholesaling and retailing activities in which type of vertical integration? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Reap What You Sow Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2022/01/06/marketing-term-of-the-week-reap-what-you-sow-edition/) - The simple calculation of the length of time taken to return an initial investment is called WHAT? ANSWER Payback is the simple calculation of the length of time taken to return the initial investment. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2022 Common Language Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved ○ a project of MASB, the Marketing - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Term of the Year Part 2](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/12/28/marketing-term-of-the-week-term-of-the-year-part-2/) - Common objectives for diversity or inclusive marketing are to communicate that differences among people are WHAT? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Term of the Year Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/12/15/marketing-term-of-the-week-term-of-the-year-edition/) - Which topical term refers to marketing strategies, tactics and technologies that have a goal to create a sense of welcoming and belonging...? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Location Location Location Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/12/08/marketing-term-of-the-week-location-location-location-edition-2/) - The tendency for similar or complementary retail stores to be located in close proximity to one another is known as WHAT? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Word Play Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/12/01/marketing-term-of-the-week-word-play-edition/) - Which SEO tactic involves returning to the root of a word and building additional words by adding a prefix or suffix, or using pluralization? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Cold Turkey Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/11/22/marketing-term-of-the-week-cold-turkey-edition/) - Though not the original explanation for the name, many people think WHICH DAY represents the point in the year when retailers begin to turn a profit? ANSWER A popular explanation for “Black Friday” is that it represents the point in the year when retailers begin to turn a profit, thus going from being “in the - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Winter is Coming Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/11/18/marketing-term-of-the-week-winter-is-coming-edition/) - What is the term for a hand-picked subset that relies on a marketing researcher’s ability to locate an initial set of respondents with certain characteristics? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Catch Phrase Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/11/10/marketing-term-of-the-week-catch-phrase-edition/) - What's wrong with the phrase "products and services"? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Out of Place Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/11/03/marketing-term-of-the-week-out-of-place-edition/) - Distribution refers to the act of marketing and carrying products to consumers. It is also used to describe the extent of WHAT? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Special Blend Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/10/27/marketing-term-of-the-week-special-blend-edition/) - The combination of controllable variables that a firm uses to pursue the desired level of sales in a target market is called WHAT? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Dangerous Curve Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/10/21/marketing-term-of-the-week-dangerous-curve-edition/) - A demand curve can be shifted outward by increasing WHAT? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: The Shortest Distance Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/10/12/marketing-term-of-the-week-the-shortest-distance-edition/) - What occurs when each increment in price reduces the quantity consumers are willing to purchase by an equal amount? ANSWER Linear demand occurs when each increment in price reduces the quantity consumers are willing to purchase by an equal amount. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2021 Common Language Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved ○ - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Group Therapy Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/10/07/marketing-term-of-the-week-group-therapy-edition/) - Grouping customers based on their geography, demographics, lifestyle and behavior is called WHAT? ANSWER Microsegmentation is an approach to market segmentation in which a business’ customers are grouped into segments based on their geography, demographics, lifestyle and behavior. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2021 Common Language Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved ○ a project - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Job Description Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/09/29/marketing-term-of-the-week-job-description-edition/) - What do you call someone whose primary job is to present products in a way that satisfies the intended customer and achieves the seller’s objectives? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: For a Few Dollars More Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/09/21/marketing-term-of-the-week-for-a-few-dollars-more-edition/) - What term is defined as the average percentage sales of a product vary over a period of time – relative to a one percent change in personal disposable income? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Alternative Situation Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/09/15/marketing-term-of-the-week-alternative-situation-edition/) - Newness to decision makers, alternatives to be considered, uncertainty inherent in the buying situation, and information needed are characteristics of WHAT? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Best Defense Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/09/09/marketing-term-of-the-week-best-defense-edition/) - A company protecting the image and reputation of its name and logo through proactive policies and actions is known as WHAT? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Good Grief Pt 2](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/08/31/marketing-term-of-the-week-good-grief-pt-2/) - What do a bottle of bourbon and a flat screen TV have in common? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Good Grief Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/08/25/marketing-term-of-the-week-2/) - What do a washing machine and a bottle of vodka have in common? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Up and Down Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/08/18/marketing-term-of-the-week-up-and-down-edition/) - Retailer-sponsored cooperatives, wholesaler-sponsored cooperatives and franchise systems are principal types of WHAT? ANSWER A contractual vertical marketing system is a marketing channel that achieves vertical coordination between independent firms at different channel levels through the use of contractual agreements. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2021 Common Language Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved ○ a project - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Kinship Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/08/11/marketing-term-of-the-week-kinship-edition/) - A personal care line that includes shaving cream, after-shave and antiperspirant is an example of WHAT? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Personal Touch Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/08/04/marketing-term-of-the-week-personal-touch-edition/) - A customer-centric strategic sales approach designed to manage the acquisition, growth and retention of customer accounts through highly personalized, relevant and timely communication is known as WHAT? ANSWER Account-based marketing (ABM) is a customer-centric strategic sales approach designed to manage the acquisition, growth, and retention of customer accounts through highly personalized, relevant and timely communication and - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Get Back Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/07/28/marketing-term-of-the-week-get-back-edition/) - Metrics such as brand favorability, purchase intent and category relevant associations are used to determine which gauge of marketing activity impact? ANSWER Return of Objective (a.k.a. Return on Objective or ROO) refers to the use of non-sales metrics to gauge the impact of marketing activity. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2021 Common Language Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: And now a word from...](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/07/22/marketing-term-of-the-week-and-now-a-word-from/) - The compilation of consumers’ subjective assessments of how well a sponsor and the sponsored property match is referred to as WHAT? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Mapping at Work Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/07/13/marketing-term-of-the-week-mapping-at-work-edition/) - The human population characteristics of a firm or nation that greatly affect markets are known as WHAT? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Brand Eat Brand Pt 2](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/07/08/marketing-term-of-the-week-brand-eat-brand-pt-2/) - The assumption that a new product will capture sales from existing products in direct proportion to the market shares held by existing products is known as...? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Outer Space Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/06/29/marketing-term-of-the-week-outer-space-edition/) - High traffic areas like highways, busy streets, airports, train stations, stadiums and cinemas are common locations for WHAT? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Brand Eat Brand Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/06/24/marketing-term-of-the-week-brand-eat-brand-edition/) - What do you call a reduction in sales of a firm's product due to its introduction of a new product? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Survey Says Pt 2](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/06/15/marketing-term-of-the-week-survey-says-pt-2/) - The percentage of surveyed respondents who still want a branded product after its price goes up is called WHAT? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Survey Says Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/06/09/marketing-term-of-the-week-survey-says-edition/) - The percentage of surveyed customers who indicate that they would tell others to use a specific product is the measure of WHAT? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Leverage Redemption](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/06/02/marketing-term-of-the-week-leverage-redemption/) - A brand owner who applies an existing brand to a new line of goods is taking advantage of WHAT? ANSWER Optionality is the use of the brand name beyond the initial covered products through a brand or line extension. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2021 Common Language Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved ○ a - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Tattoo You Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/05/27/marketing-term-of-the-week-tattoo-you-edition/) - Putting your brand's logo on an athlete's game skin is an example of WHAT? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Bullseye Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/05/18/marketing-term-of-the-week-bulleye-edition/) - How does one quantify the gross rating points achieved by an advertisement or campaign among targeted individuals within a larger population? ANSWER Target rating points (TRPs) are calculated as a percentage using for the denominator the total target audience and for the numerator the total impressions delivered to the target audience multiplied by 100. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Mind Your P's and E's](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/05/10/marketing-term-of-the-week-edition-2/) - E-service innovations are delivered primarily through the Internet. How are p-service innovations delivered? ANSWER P-service innovations are delivered primarily through human (people) interaction. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2021 Common Language Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved ○ a project of MASB, the Marketing Accountability Standards Board - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Smart Enough Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/05/06/marketing-term-of-the-week-smart-enough-edition/) - Which dollar metric is calculated as: Net operating profit after tax ($) – Cost of capital ($)? ANSWER Economic profit is a measure of net operating profit after tax (NOPAT), adjusted for cost of capital. READ MORE… Marketing Term of the Week ©2021 Common Language Marketing Dictionary ○ All Rights Reserved ○ a project of MASB, the Marketing - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Gotta Have It Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/04/28/marketing-term-of-the-week-gotta-have-it-edition/) - What is the measure or rating of a consumer's inherent desire to buy something independent of availability and in-store factors? ANSWER Purchase intention (or purchase intent) is a specific measure or rating of consumers’ stated purchase likelihood. The implication is inherent desire independent of distribution influence including availability and in-store factors. READ MORE… Marketing Term of - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Notorious A.O.G.](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/04/20/marketing-term-of-the-week-notorious-a-o-g/) - When arrival of goods ( AOG ) is applied to a cash discount period, is net payment period computed from time of shipment or arrival at the destination? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Pulling Strings Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/04/14/marketing-term-of-the-week-pulling-strings-edition/) - Sponsoring a symphony concert series is an example of which promotional strategy? ANSWER Arts marketing refers to a promotional strategy linking a company to the visual or performing arts. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: George Costanza Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/04/09/marketing-term-of-the-week-george-costanza-edition/) - What phenomenon causes the value of actual inventory to run lower than recorded inventory due to an unexplained reduction in the number of units held? ANSWER Shrinkage describes a phenomenon in which the value of actual inventory runs lower than recorded inventory, due to an unexplained reduction in the number of units held. READ MORE… - [Video MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Local Region Regional](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/04/01/video-marketing-term-of-the-week-local-region-regional/) - What is the difference between a local, a regional and a region brand? ANSWER READ MORE... - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: All Aboard Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/03/25/marketing-term-of-the-week-all-aboard-edition/) - A technical salesperson is one who uses extensive product knowledge as the focus of selling presentations. WHAT is another term for such a person? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Does Dyeing Beer on St. Patty's Day Count?](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/03/17/marketing-term-of-the-week-does-dyeing-beer-on-st-pattys-day-count/) - Packaging products in a manner that is sensitive or responsive to ecological concerns is called WHAT? ANSWER Green marketing may be used to describe efforts to produce, promote, package, and reclaim products in a manner that is sensitive or responsive to ecological concerns. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Mirror Mirror Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/03/09/marketing-term-of-the-week-mirror-mirror-edition/) - What is the term for the degree to which a drawn subset mirrors the population of interest in terms of the characteristics being studied? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Phish Food Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/03/03/marketing-term-of-the-week-phish-food-edition/) - Text and images designed to entice users to click through a link to another web location are known as WHAT? ANSWER Click-baiting content (or clickbait) is text or images that are designed to gain attention and entice users to “click” through a link thereby redirecting them to another web location. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: North Star Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/02/23/marketing-term-of-the-week-north-star-edition/) - What term captures a brand's core reason for being? ANSWER According to Indiana University's Mansur Khamitov, brand purpose is "a brand's core reason for being - it's North Star." READ MORE... - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Fitted Suit Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/02/16/marketing-term-of-the-week-fitted-suit-edition/) - Price discrimination, the practice of charging different buyers different prices for the same quantity and quality of product, is also known by WHAT TERM? ANSWER Price tailoring (or price discrimination) is the practice of charging different buyers different prices for the same quantity and quality of product. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Slow Ketchup Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/02/10/marketing-term-of-the-week-slow-ketchup-edition/) - What is the term for a discount in addition to the cash discount if a bill is paid prior to the expiration of the cash discount period? ANSWER Anticipation is a discount in addition to the cash discount if a bill is paid prior to the expiration of the cash discount period, usually at the rate of 6 percent per annum. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Triple Threat Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/02/03/marketing-term-of-the-week-triple-threat-edition/) - Name THREE terms for the comparison of program outcomes to original objectives. ANSWER Impact evaluation, outcome evaluation and summative evaluation all refer to the comparison of program outcomes to original objectives. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Video Definition Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/01/28/marketing-term-of-the-week-video-definition-edition/) - How does one calculate a price premium? ANSWER READ MORE... - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Momentary Lapse of Reason Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/01/19/marketing-term-of-the-week-momentary-lapse-of-reason-edition/) - Why are end caps normally reserved for high margin products? ANSWER Considered a prime location, end caps are often used for high margin products to induce impulse purchases. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Common Goals Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/01/12/marketing-term-of-the-week-common-goals-edition/) - A strategic alliance or global strategic partnership is a cooperation strategy between companies to jointly pursue a common goal. Name another term for this! ANSWER A collaborative agreement is a cooperation strategy between companies to jointly pursue a common goal. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Out with the Old Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2021/01/06/marketing-term-of-the-week-out-with-the-old-edition/) - Idea screening, business analysis and market testing are three stages in which process? ANSWER According to Kotler and Keller, the major steps of new-product development include idea generation, idea screening, concept development and testing, marketing strategy development, business analysis, product development, market testing and product commercialization. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: North Pole Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/12/09/marketing-term-of-the-week-north-pole-edition/) - Since Kris Kringle controls most of its functions, from production to distribution, Santa's Workshop is an example of which type of marketing system? ANSWER A corporate vertical marketing system is a form of vertical marketing system in which all or most of the functions from production to distribution are at least partially owned and controlled by a single enterprise. READ MORE... - [Top 10 Marketing Terms 2020](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/12/29/top-10-marketing-terms-2020/) - While the Covid-19 pandemic inspired numerous new terms that may or may not stand the test of time, business "as usual" did go on, as evidenced by the Top 10 terms looked up in our free, online resource over the course of 2020. Total Unique Pageviews for all Common Language Marketing Dictionary terms in 2020: 279,798 [Google Analytics] Top 10 - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: To E or Not To E](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/12/01/marketing-term-of-the-week-to-e-or-not-to-e/) - According to ISO standards, is brand equity a consideration of brand valuation or brand evaluation? ANSWER Brand evaluation includes both monetary considerations (i.e. brand value) and non-monetary (i.e. brand strength & brand equity). READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: MOD Squad Part 2](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/11/17/marketing-term-of-the-week-mod-squad-part-2/) - Which type of Media on Demand makes content available to users in a piecemeal manner with each piece paid for separately? ANSWER With Transactional Video on Demand (TVOD), content is available to users in a piecemeal manner where each piece is paid for separately. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Cornavirus Consequences Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/04/15/marketing-term-of-the-week-cornavirus-consequences-edition/) - The sudden scarcity of certain goods and services during the Covid-19 pandemic are forcing consumers to replace their favorite brands with WHAT? ANSWER Substitute products are viewed by the user as alternatives for other products. READ MORE… SEE ALSO MASB: Marketing’s Vital Role in Tackling the Covid-19 Pandemic - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Bad Timing Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/04/22/marketing-term-of-the-week-bad-timing-edition/) - The running of numerous advertisements that seem inappropriate during a pandemic can be blamed on WHAT? ANSWER AI, machine learning and other automated systems draw upon media context to customize an ad. Since these types of systems draw upon a history built during non-emergency times, their recommendations are by default inappropriate to current conditions. READ MORE… SEE - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Mod Squad Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/11/11/marketing-term-of-the-week-mod-squad-edition/) - Which type of distribution system allows users to access video, audio and other types of content without the constraints of a predetermined release? ANSWER Media on Demand (MOD) content is available to the user at the time of their choosing. READ MORE... - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Head Count Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/11/03/marketing-term-of-the-week-head-count-edition/) - What is the measure of the number of visits to a retail space? ANSWER Foot traffic is the measure of the number of visits to a retail space, a critical metric for store managers. READ MORE... - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Show Me the Money Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/10/28/marketing-term-of-the-week-show-me-the-money-edition/) - What is the difference between brand equity and the financial value of a brand (FVB)? ANSWER Unlike brand equity, the financial value of a brand (FVB) is only expressed in monetary terms. READ MORE… Check out The History of the Financial Value of Brands on the MASB Channel! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Gary Vee Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/10/21/marketing-term-of-the-week-gary-vee-edition/) - Gary Vaynerchuk grew the highly successful Wine Library by engaging potential customers through apps like Instagram and Twitter, a tactic known as WHAT? ANSWER Social media marketing is a tactic that taps into the growth of social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Instagram and TikTok. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Bachelorette Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/10/13/marketing-term-of-the-week-bachelorette-edition/) - A change in consumers from passive content consumption to more active involvement with branded content is indicated by WHAT? Engagement measures are often seen as precursors of commitment to the featured brand as they indicate a change from passive content consumption to more active involvement with branded content. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Brand Name Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/10/06/marketing-term-of-the-week-brand-name-edition/) - The first half of a product's identifying title is the brand. What is the second half of the title, which identifies the general class of item? ANSWER A brand generic is the second half of a product’s identifying title and identifies the general class of item. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Engagement Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/09/30/marketing-term-of-the-week-engagement-edition/) - Cross-media video engagement is often measured in terms of length of time viewed, completed view rates and WHAT? ANSWER For cross-media video, engagement is often measured in terms of clicks, length of time viewed, and completed view rates. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Student-Athlete Edition Pt 3](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/09/23/marketing-term-of-the-week-student-athlete-edition-pt-3/) - Which student-athlete role just might make college athletics as lucrative as the pros? ANSWER An influencer is someone who has impact on the decisions of others. READ MORE... - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Student-Athlete Edition Pt 2](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/09/16/marketing-term-of-the-week-student-athlete-edition-pt-2/) - MASB, the Marketing Accountability Standards Board, proposes that a second "I" be added to the acronym, NIL (name, image and likeness). What would the second "I" stand for? ANSWER MASB proposes adding influence to the three elements to create the expanded term NILI. READ MORE... - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Student-Athlete Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/09/10/marketing-term-of-the-week-student-athlete-edition/) - What three elements of the right of individuals to control deployment of their identities and association in commerce are known as the right of publicity? ANSWER Name, image and likeness (NIL) are three elements of the right of individuals to control the deployment of their identity and association in commerce. (legally known as the “right of publicity”) READ - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Brand Engagement Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/09/02/marketing-term-of-the-week-edition/) - Is brand engagement the process of forming emotional associations OR rational associations between a consumer and a brand? ANSWER Brand engagement is the process of forming emotional AND rational associations between a consumer and a brand. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Borrow or Rob Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/08/26/marketing-term-of-the-week-borrow-or-rob-edition/) - Computer applications accessed online via subscription are known by WHAT palindromic acronym? ANSWER Computer apps accessed online via subscription are known as SaaS – Software as a Service. READ MORE... - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Barter Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/08/19/marketing-term-of-the-week-barter-edition/) - Users coordinating the acquisition and distribution of resources for a fee or other compensation is a characteristic of WHAT? ANSWER A sharing economy leads to reduced need for ownership, with users coordinating the acquisition and distribution of resources for a fee or other compensation. READ MORE... - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: HAL-9000 Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/08/12/marketing-term-of-the-week-hal-9000-edition/) - The ability to learn, on its own, important features of the data on which to base predictions or decisions – rather than relying on human-engineered features – is a hallmark of WHAT? ANSWER A hallmark of machine learning is its ability to learn, on its own, important features of the data on which to base predictions or - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Audience Measurement Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/07/29/marketing-term-of-the-week-audience-measurement-edition/) - Which audience measure is a combination of the gross rating points placed behind an advertising execution and that execution’s persuasive power over a specific time period? ANSWER A persuasion rating point (PRP) is a combination of the gross rating points (GRPs) placed behind an advertising execution and that execution’s persuasive power over a specific time period. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Home Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/07/22/marketing-term-of-the-week-home-edition/) - WHAT is defined as one or more people who occupy a single housing unit? ANSWER A household is composed of one or more people who occupy the same housing unit. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Outcomes Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/07/15/marketing-term-of-the-week-outcomes-edition/) - A comparison of program outcomes to original objectives is known as WHAT? ANSWER Impact evaluation, outcome evaluation and summative evaluation all refer to the comparison of program outcomes to original objectives. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Preferred Brand Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/07/08/marketing-term-of-the-week-preferred-brand-edition/) - One of the three classes of methodologies used to measure brand preference involves planned purchases among a competitive set of brands, known as WHAT? ANSWER Constant sum measures are planned purchases among a competitive set of brands. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Sponsorship Marketing Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/07/01/marketing-term-of-the-week-sponsorship-marketing-edition/) - One challenge for sponsorship accountability is the difficulty in measuring the impact of WHAT? ANSWER According to the MASB article, Can Social Media Drive Accountable Sponsorship?, the dynamism of social media's brand-audience interaction makes measurement more challenging, particularly because it is real time – not sustainable over time – and lacks representativeness. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Screen-age Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/06/24/marketing-term-of-the-week-screen-age-edition/) - For cross-media video, WHAT is often measured in terms of clicks, the length of time viewed, and completed view rates? ANSWER For cross-media video, engagement is often measured in terms of clicks, the length of time viewed, and completed view rates. READ MORE.. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Blame Game Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/06/17/marketing-term-of-the-week-blame-game-edition/) - WHICH field of psychology deals with the process by which individuals arrive at explanations for events? ANSWER Attribution Theory is a field of psychology which deals with the process by which individuals arrive at explanations for events. READ MORE.. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Sales Trails Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/06/10/marketing-term-of-the-week-sales-trails-edition/) - What is the term for a salesperson asking customers to suggest other customers who might be interested in what they are selling? ANSWER The Endless Chain Method is a method of prospecting in which a salesperson asks customers to suggest other customers who might be interested in the salesperson’s offerings. READ MORE.. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Cheesesteak Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/06/03/marketing-term-of-the-week-cheesesteak-edition/) - Some brands include names that define a geographical area which recognize a set of distinctive features, knowledge and practices (i.e. Philly cheesesteak sandwich). Are these region brands or regional brands? ANSWER These are region brands. A regional brand is one marketed in and/or developed for a restricted geographical area encompassing more than one metropolitan market. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Outta Sight Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/05/27/marketing-term-of-the-week-outta-sight-edition/) - What is the term for the number of retail outlets where an item is expected to be available for customers but is not? ANSWER Out-of-stocks (or stock-outs) quantify the number of retail outlets where an item is expected to be available for customers but is not. READ MORE.. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Back to Basics Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/05/21/marketing-term-of-the-week-back-to-basics-edition/) - Coordinated promotional messages and related media used to reach a market are classified as WHAT? ANSWER Marketing communications (MarCom) are coordinated promotional messages and related media used to communicate with a market. READ MORE.. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Buy In Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/05/14/marketing-term-of-the-week/) - WHAT is the process of furnishing a fee to a search engine in order to be included in that search engine's search results? ANSWER Paid inclusion (or guaranteed inclusion) refers to the process of paying a fee to a search engine in order to be included in that search engine’s search results. READ MORE.. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Location Location Location Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/05/06/marketing-term-of-the-week-location-location-location-edition/) - Colombian coffee, Scotch whiskey and Idaho potatoes are examples of WHAT? ANSWER Colombian coffee, Scotch whiskey and Idaho potatoes are all geographical indications. READ MORE.. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Covid-19 Response Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/04/29/marketing-term-of-the-week-covid-19-response-edition/) - Marketers advertising how they intend to achieve social impact through brand-related actions are communicating WHAT? ANSWER Brand purpose is a statement that sets out how brand management intends to achieve social impact through brand-related actions. READ MORE.. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Empty Shelves Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/04/08/marketing-term-of-the-week-empty-shelves-edition/) - The Covid-19 pandemic has caused a surge in demand for relatively small products distributed through food and drug retailers, otherwise known as WHAT? ANSWER The terms packaged goods, consumer packaged goods (CPGs) or fast-moving consumer goods (FMCGs) all refer to these products. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Lockdown Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/03/31/marketing-term-of-the-week-lockdown-edition/) - The public's limited access to many goods and services during the Covid-19 pandemic is creating which marketing condition? ANSWER Pent-up demand refers to times when demand for a product is unusually strong given the general public’s return to consumerism following a period of decreased spending. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Pandemic Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/03/24/marketing-term-of-the-week-pandemic-edition/) - The excessive acquisition and storing of bathroom tissue occurring during the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic is an example of which behavior? ANSWER Consumer stockpiling refers to behavior by consumers acquiring a large quantity of a product. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Bad Ratings Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/03/16/marketing-term-of-the-week-bad-ratings-edition/) - What is the term for free time or space provided to advertisers to make up for a program’s lower than expected ratings? ANSWER One definition of make-good is free time or space provided to advertisers to make up for a program’s lower than expected ratings. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Adoption Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/03/09/marketing-term-of-the-week-adoption-edition/) - What is the term for an adopter who is unenthusiastic about new products or services? ANSWER Laggards are content with what they have, and they adopt new products unenthusiastically and only because they feel as if they have to. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Product Line Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/03/04/marketing-term-of-the-week-product-line-edition/) - How are the Epson FX-890 printer and Jello Instant Pudding ALIKE? ANSWER The Epson FX-890 printer and Jello Instant Pudding are both brand extensions. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Brand Preference Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/02/19/marketing-term-of-the-week-brand-preference-edition/) - There are at least three classes of methodologies to measure brand preference. Which one can be defined as "planned purchases among a competitive set of brands?" ANSWER Constant sum measures are planned purchases among a competitive set of brands. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Pricing Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/02/12/marketing-term-of-the-week-pricing-edition/) - What are two names for the actual price paid for a product by customers after all discounts and allowances have been factored in? ANSWER Net price and pocket price are both terms for the actual price paid for a product by customers after all discounts and allowances have been factored in. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Winter Special](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/02/04/marketing-term-of-the-week-winter-special/) - Which type of sample relies on the researcher’s ability to locate an initial set of respondents with the desired characteristics? ANSWER A snowball sample relies on the researcher’s ability to locate an initial set of respondents with the desired characteristics. READ MORE... - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Digital Marketing Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/01/28/marketing-term-of-the-week-digital-marketing-edition-2/) - Which digital advertising measure can never be higher than the other? REACH or IMPRESSIONS ANSWER Reach is the number of people who have been exposed to an ad. Impressions are the number of times someone has been exposed to an ad. Therefore, reach can never be larger than the number of impressions. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Legal Rights Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/01/21/marketing-term-of-the-week-legal-rights-edition/) - Patent laws could be considered the opposite of WHICH TYPE of laws? ANSWER The law recognizes the inherent inconsistency between antitrust laws, which are designed to foster competition, and patent laws, which restrict competition. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Sponsorship Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/01/15/marketing-term-of-the-week-sponsorship-edition/) - Sponsorship refers to a cash or in-kind fee paid in return for access to the leverageable marketing resources associated with either a sports, entertainment or WHICH TYPE of entity? ANSWER Sponsorship refers to a cash or in-kind fee paid by a sponsor to a property or entity (e.g. a sports, entertainment, or non-profit event or organization) in return for access to the - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Market Research Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2020/01/07/marketing-term-of-the-week-market-research-edition-2/) - Which market research technique involves randomly showing respondents either a control or a test version of a design and tracking changes in their behavior based on which version was shown? ANSWER A/B testing, at its simplest, is randomly showing a respondent one version of a design or page — Version A or Version B — and tracking - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Plugged In Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/12/18/marketing-term-of-the-week-plugged-in-edition/) - If you're watching The Grinch on a device that interfaces with the Internet to enable access to OTT media, what kind of device are you using? ANSWER A connected television, also called CTV, is a television or connected device with an Internet connection and a user interface that enables users to access OTT media through applications. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Streaming Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/12/10/marketing-term-of-the-week-streaming-edition/) - What is the term for streaming services offered directly to viewers over the Internet, bypassing cable, broadcast and satellite television platforms? ANSWER Over-the-top (OTT) media are streaming services offered directly to viewers over the Internet. READ MORE… - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Cyber Monday Trivia](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/12/03/marketing-term-of-the-week-cyber-monday-trivia/) - In 2006, CNN Money noted that in-store shortages of popular toys and WHICH PRODUCTS were making online Cyber Monday shopping more attractive to holiday shoppers? ANSWER In-store shortages of popular toys and gaming consoles were making online Cyber Monday shopping more attractive. READ MORE... - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Black Friday Video Special](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/11/26/marketing-term-of-the-week-black-friday-video-special/) - When and why was "Black Friday" originally used to describe holiday shopping the day after Thanksgiving? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: "Can't Touch This" Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/11/19/marketing-term-of-the-week-cant-touch-this-edition/) - Which item DOES NOT belong on a list of tangible assets? property ○ brands ○ cash ○ stock ○ equipment ANSWER Brands! Tangible assets include such things as cash, stock, plants, equipment, inventory and real estate. Brands are intangible assets. READ MORE… BONUS VIDEO from the FINANCE in MARKETING Library YouTube: What Is an Intangible Asset? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Matrix Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/11/12/marketing-term-of-the-week-matrix-edition/) - Which Product-Market Growth Matrix strategy involves a business trying to grow using existing products in existing markets? ANSWER Market penetration occurs when a company penetrates an existing market in which current or similar products already exist. READ MORE... BONUS VIDEO from the FINANCE in MARKETING LIBRARY: YouTube: Market Penetration Metrics [Paul Farris] - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Brand Metric Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/11/05/marketing-term-of-the-week-brand-metric-edition/) - One of the indicators of the strength of a brand in the hearts and minds of customers, brand preference represents which brands are preferred when which two factors are equal? ANSWER Brand preference or brand choice represents which brands are preferred under assumptions of equality in price and availability. READ MORE… BONUS VIDEO from the FINANCE in MARKETING LIBRARY: YouTube: Five Compelling Reasons to Use Brand Preference [Frank Findley] - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Creepy Crawlies Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/10/29/marketing-term-of-the-week-creepy-crawlies-edition/) - The digital version of which Halloween critter is in large part responsible for all the spam directed at us each day? ANSWER A spider (also robot or bot) is a software program that can scan the Internet. READ MORE… Get Marketing Term of the Week by EMAIL! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Metrics Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/10/22/marketing-term-of-the-week-metrics-edition-5/) - The purpose of which metric is to measure the rate at which spending on marketing contributes to profits? ANSWER BONUS: Check out our NEW YouTube video on this topic by UCLA Marketing Professor Dominique Hanssens! Skip a Click – Get Marketing Term of the Week by EMAIL! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Market Research Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/10/17/marketing-term-of-the-week-market-research-edition/) - What measures the extent to which the sales for a brand in a market category have captured the total potential in a geographical area? ANSWER BONUS: Check out our NEW YouTube video on this topic! Skip a Click – Get Marketing Term of the Week by EMAIL! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Data Collection Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/09/04/marketing-term-of-the-week-data-collection-edition/) - What term refers to the list of geographic areas, institutions, individuals or other units from which a sample will be drawn? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Digital Deception Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/09/11/marketing-term-of-the-week-deception-edition/) - What term refers to interactions with a pay-per-click advertisement that are the result of malicious or negative competitor actions motivated by the desire to increase costs for a competing advertiser? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: E-commerce Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/09/17/marketing-term-of-the-week-e-commerce-edition-2/) - According to new data from SaleCycle, which retail e-commerce metric has reached an average of more than 80% in the first half of 2019? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: New Sponsorship Term](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/09/25/marketing-term-of-the-week-new-sponsorship-term/) - What is the compilation of consumers’ subjective assessments of how well a sponsor and a sponsored entity match? ANSWER Skip a Click – Get Marketing Term of the Week by EMAIL! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Dead Feline Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/10/02/marketing-term-of-the-week-dead-feline-edition/) - Which sales technique involves making a statement that arouses a prospect’s interest? ANSWER Skip a Click – Get Marketing Term of the Week by EMAIL! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Stranded Brand Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/10/09/marketing-term-of-the-week-stranded-brand-edition/) - Which accounting phenomenon results from the established practice by which the value of a brand that is acquired, measured and added to the balance sheet by a company cannot be increased no matter how well the brand might perform? ANSWER Skip a Click – Get Marketing Term of the Week by EMAIL! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Distribution Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/08/28/marketing-term-of-the-week-distribution-edition-3/) - What is the combination of two or more separate stages in the channel of distribution through mergers or acquisitions? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Research Edition with BONUS QUESTION](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/08/21/marketing-term-of-the-week-research-edition-with-bonus-question/) - Which term refers to the five identifiable subgroups within a population that begins use of an innovation? BONUS: What are the five subgroups? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: E-commerce Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/08/14/marketing-term-of-the-week-e-commerce-edition/) - In regard to virtual shopping, what is the ratio of the number of shopping carts that go unpurchased to the number of initiated transactions? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Japanese Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/08/21/marketing-term-of-the-week-japanese-edition/) - What Japanese term describes an interbusiness alliance or enterprise group? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Metric Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/08/01/marketing-term-of-the-week-metric-edition/) - Which market concentration metric is derived by adding the squares of the individual market shares of all the players in a market? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Measurement Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/07/25/marketing-term-of-the-week-measurement-edition-3/) - What term refers to the degree to which a test subjectively appears to measure the variable or construct that it is supposed to measure? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Product Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/07/09/marketing-term-of-the-week-product-edition/) - Which stage in the new product development process follows concept generation? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Research Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/06/26/marketing-term-of-the-week-research-edition-2/) - Which specialized field of marketing research determines an ad’s effectiveness based on consumer responses, feedback, and behavior? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Brand Edition (flipside)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/06/18/marketing-term-of-the-week-brand-edition-flipside/) - What is the perception of a particular brand as intended by its sellers? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Brand Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/06/11/marketing-term-of-the-week-brand-edition-2/) - What term captures what people believe about a brand—their thoughts, feelings and expectations? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Metrics Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/06/04/marketing-term-of-the-week-metrics-edition-4/) - Which metric is calculated as the percentage of respondents who, without prompting, name a specific brand or product first when asked about a general product category? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Metrics Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/05/29/marketing-term-of-the-week-metrics-edition-3/) - Name three different terms that all refer to an estimate of the audience for a media insertion. ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Dirty Deeds Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/05/21/marketing-term-of-the-week-dirty-deeds-edition/) - What is it called when a retailer publishes or verbalizes falsehoods about competitors in an attempt to drive away their customers? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Strategy Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/05/14/marketing-term-of-the-week-strategy-edition-2/) - What term denotes strategies and tactics for segmenting consumers to build loyalty? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Trendy Term Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/05/07/marketing-term-of-the-week-trendy-term-edition/) - What trendy term coined in response to last week's term is really just traditional marketing, where the marketer initiates contact with the customer through methods such as TV, radio and digital display advertising? 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ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Bad Behavior Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/04/16/marketing-term-of-the-week-bad-behavior-edition/) - What is a learned response to a stimulus that has become automatic and routine, requiring little or no cognitive effort? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Distribution Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/04/09/marketing-term-of-the-week-distribution-edition-2/) - What is the term for products that are shipped to one customer and then resold to another customer? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Internet Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/04/02/marketing-term-of-the-week-internet-edition/) - What do you call a database that indexes web pages and displays a listing of those that are relevant whenever keywords are entered by a user? ANSWER BE COOL – Get Marketing Term of the Week by email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Promotion Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/03/27/marketing-term-of-the-week-promotion-edition-2/) - Which term refers to the documentation of product performance claims made in ads? ANSWER STAY SHARP – Get Marketing Term of the Week by email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Standards Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/03/19/marketing-term-of-the-week-standards-edition/) - Who just published a new global standard calling for annual brand evaluations? ANSWER STAY SMART - Get Marketing Term of the Week by email! - [MARKETING TERM of the Week: Market Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/03/12/marketing-term-of-the-week-market-edition/) - What term is defined as a market situation in which there are few buyers but potentially a large number of sellers? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by Email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Metrics Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/03/06/marketing-term-of-the-week-metrics-edition-2/) - What concept refers to the proportion of consumers who know of a name, term, design, symbol or other feature that identifies one seller’s good or service as distinct from those of other sellers? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by Email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Accounting Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/02/21/marketing-term-of-the-week-accounting-edition/) - What term denotes expenses that change in proportion to the activity of a business? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by Email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Digital Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/02/12/marketing-term-of-the-week-digital-edition/) - What type of marketing activity places a product in the consumer’s path-to-purchase when they are thought to be actively looking for it? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by Email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Distribution Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/02/05/marketing-term-of-the-week-distribution-edition/) - In supply chains with a push approach, who takes on most of the inventory risk? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by Email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Demand Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/01/29/marketing-term-of-the-week-demand-edition/) - What do you call demand that is often measured as awareness, preference and loyalty for specific brands and products? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by Email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Promotion Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/01/23/marketing-term-of-the-week-promotion-edition/) - How do you classify a marketer's use of a sales force and trade promotions to influence channel member stocking? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by Email! - [Get Marketing Term of the Week by Email](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/01/15/get-marketing-term-of-the-week-by-email/) - Test your knowledge and keep up with the latest marketing definitions by getting MTOW in your inbox on Tuesday or Wednesday each week throughout the year. Sign up today! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Sampling Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/01/15/marketing-term-of-the-week-sampling-edition/) - Name a selective sample in which the elements are handpicked because they are expected to serve the research purpose. ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by Email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Metrics Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2019/01/08/marketing-term-of-the-week-metrics-edition/) - Which marketing metric uses the prior year as a base for expressing percentage change from one year to the next? ANSWER Get Marketing Term of the Week by Email! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Holiday Edition!!!](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2018/12/26/marketing-term-of-the-week-holiday-edition-5/) - Which day of this holiday season did Amazon report as its biggest shopping day ever based on number of items sold? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Holiday Edition!!!](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2018/12/19/marketing-term-of-the-week-holiday-edition-4/) - Sears' version of which type of publication was once a big part of the American Christmas experience? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM OF THE WEEK: Holiday Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2018/12/11/marketing-term-of-the-week-holiday-edition-3/) - Which term can refer to either "the feeling children experience on Christmas Eve," OR "a discount in addition to the cash discount if a bill is paid prior to the expiration of the cash discount period?" ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Holiday Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2018/11/20/marketing-term-of-the-week-holiday-edition/) - Which shopping term was originally used to describe heavy and disruptive pedestrian and vehicle traffic occurring on a certain day, but now is often considered the point in the year when retailers begin to turn a profit? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Holiday Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2018/12/04/marketing-term-of-the-week-holiday-edition-2/) - Which type of retail establishment – featured in several classic Christmas films – carries several lines of merchandise, such as women’s ready-to-wear and accessories, men’s and boys’ clothing, piece goods, smallwares and home furnishings, all of which are organized into separate areas for the purpose of promotion, service, accounting, and control? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Measurement Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2018/11/28/marketing-term-of-the-week-measurement-edition-2/) - Which marketing metric reflects what is important to the organization and is used to monitor the health performance of a business, brand or service? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Bad Strategy Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2018/11/13/marketing-term-of-the-week-bad-strategy-edition/) - Name a marketing strategy that directs a new product to an entire market, or to the largest segment in it, solely because of its size. ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Advertising Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2018/11/06/marketing-term-of-the-week-advertising-edition-2/) - AIDA represents steps in the influence process for advertising. What does each letter stand for? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Here today, gone tomorrow...](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2018/10/30/marketing-term-of-the-week-here-today-gone-tomorrow/) - What is the process by which a particular design, activity or color comes into popularity and then phases out? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Brand Value Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2018/10/24/marketing-term-of-the-week-brand-value-edition/) - What measure of brand popularity is defined as the number of people who buy a specific brand at least once in a given period divided by the size of the relevant market population? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Modeling Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2018/10/16/marketing-term-of-the-week-modeling-edition/) - Name a probabilistic model in which the probability of occurrence of any given outcome at a particular point in time does not depend on any previous outcomes of the process. ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Digital Marketing Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2018/10/09/marketing-term-of-the-week-digital-marketing-edition/) - What is a single display of online content to a user’s web-enabled device? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Business 101](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2018/10/03/marketing-term-of-the-week-business-101/) - What is the term for something an entity owns or has use of that generates income or other financial benefits and can be tangible or intangible? ANSWER - [Definition of “Brand” Evolving in the Marketing Sphere](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2018/10/02/definition-of-brand-evolving-in-marketing-sphere/) - Which is the most accurate and useful definition of brand for business today? - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Measurement Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2018/09/26/marketing-term-of-the-week-measurement-edition/) - What non-monetary, point-in-time measure seeks to capture the perceived overall attractiveness in the hearts and minds of consumers that the brand imbues to its offerings relative to that of other branded offerings both within and across categories? ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Redefining Old Terms Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2018/09/18/marketing-term-of-the-week-redefining-old-terms-edition/) - Name an intangible asset that is intended to create distinctive images and associations in the minds of stakeholders. ANSWER - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Advertising Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2018/09/12/marketing-term-of-the-week-advertising-edition/) - The weekly mental challenge for marketers! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Will You Remember It Tomorrow?](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2018/08/14/marketing-term-of-the-week-will-you-remember-it-tomorrow/) - Test your knowledge with this challenge from the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Marketing 101 Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2018/08/21/marketing-term-of-the-week-marketing-101-edition/) - Test your knowledge with this challenge from the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: You Need to Know This One...](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2018/08/01/marketing-term-of-the-week-you-need-to-know-this-one/) - Test your knowledge with this challenge from the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions! - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Research Edition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2018/08/08/marketing-term-of-the-week-research-edition/) - Test your knowledge with this challenge from the definitive source for marketing terms and definitions! - [Common Language Marketing Dictionary 2.0](https://marketing-dictionary.org/2018/09/05/common-language-marketing-dictionary-2-0/) - The definitive source for marketing terms and definitions now features directories of marketing organizations, regulations and abbreviations. ## Pages - [Human-Intelligence-Generated Marketing Definitions](https://marketing-dictionary.org/) - A free educational resource for students, educators and marketing practitioners. Designed to improve business communication with 1,800+ cross-referenced terms. - [Chief Marketing Officer (CMO)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/chief-marketing-officer-cmo/) - A chief marketing officer (CMO) is the highest-level corporate manager responsible for marketing activities. The CMO’s typical focus is managing the... - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK: Answer!](https://marketing-dictionary.org/mtow-answers-page/) - Marketing Term of the Week is researched and written weekly by MASB Director of Communication Erich Decker-Hoppen, a living, breathing human being. - [S](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/) - Safety needs Safety stock Saleable sample Sales Sales activity goal Sales call Sales call allocation grid Sales contest Sales demonstration Sales discount Sales engineer Sales force administration Sales force compensation Sales force coverage Sales force effectiveness Sales force evaluation Sales force performance Sales lead Sales management Sales per million Sales per point of distribution Sales - [Inventory](https://marketing-dictionary.org/i/inventory/) - Definition: Inventory is the level of physical stock held, typically measured at different points in a pipeline. A retailer may have inventory on order from... - [UMD Project Team](https://marketing-dictionary.org/project-team/) - The Common Language in Marketing Project was initiated by MASB in 2011. The first version of the dictionary was launched in 2012... - [Share of Voice (SOV)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/share-of-voice/) - Share of Voice (SOV) in advertising quantifies the relative communication presence that a specific brand or product achieves. It's most commonly calculated... - [Share of Requirements](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/share-of-requirements/) - Definition: Share of requirements, also known as share of wallet, is calculated solely among buyers of a specific brand. Within this group, it represents the... - [Advertisement](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/advertisement/) - An advertisement is any announcement or persuasive message placed in the mass media in paid or donated time or space by an identified individual, company, or... - [Advertising](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/advertising/) - Definition: Advertising is the placement of announcements and messages in time or space by business firms, nonprofit organizations, government agencies, and... - [P](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/) - P-service innovation Package Packaged goods Packaging PACT Principles Page view PageRank Paid circulation Paid inclusion Paid media Paid-Earned-Owned Model Paid-Earned-Shared-Owned Model Panel (omnibus) Panel (true) Parallel barter Parallel pricing Parallel reliability Parallel trading Parasite store Pareto Principle Partially integrated division Party selling Paste-up Patent Path Patronage discount Pay-for-performance advertising Pay per click Payback Payout budgeting - [Sales](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/sales/) - Definition: Sales—or sales revenue—equals the dollar amount a company makes during a period under review. Gross sales are the sum of all sales during a time... - [Advertising Wearout](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/advertising-wearout/) - Definition from mswresearch.com Advertising wearout is a term that describes the decline in effectiveness or selling power of an advertisement after exposure to the target audience. [1] Decay of advertising effects refers to the fading of memory of an ad and lack of continued response to it. Because forgetting is a controversial issue among learning theorists – some claim that - [B](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/) - B-roll, B2B advertising, Baby boomers, Back order, Backdoor selling, Backgrounder sheet, Backlink, Backward integration, Backward vertical integration, Bait advertising… - [Brand Management](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/brand-management/) - Definition: Brand management is a function of marketing that uses techniques to increase the perceived value of a product line or brand over time. Effective... - [Return on Investment (ROI)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/return-on-investment/) - Definition: Return on investment considers profits in relation to capital invested. Divide the return (net profit) by the resources that were committed... - [Business to Business (B2B)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/business-to-business/) - Definition Business to business (or B2B) refers to businesses that market goods or services to other businesses. [1][2] Business-to-business (B2B) advertising is an area of advertising for goods, services, resources, materials, and supplies purchased and used by businesses. This area includes: [1] industrial advertising, which involves goods, services, resources, and supplies used in the production of other goods and services. trade advertising, which - [Business to Consumer (B2C)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/business-to-consumer/) - Definition Business to consumer (or B2C) refers to businesses that market services or goods directly to consumers. [1][2] See Also Business to business (B2B) Sales References American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. SEMPO. SEM Glossary, www.sempo.org. - [Marketing Research](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/marketing-research/) - Marketing research is the function that links the consumer, customer and public to the marketer through information used to identify marketing opportunities... - [M](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/) - Machine learning Macroenvironment Macromarketing Macrosegmentation Magazine Magazine supplement Mail questionnaire Mail-order house Main page Maintained item Maintained markup Majority fallacy Make-good Mall Mall intercept Management information system Management of marketing Management-by-exception Manipulation check Manual submission Manufacturer suggested retail price Manufacturer’s agent Manufacturer’s brand MarCom Margin Marginal utility Markdown Market Market concentration Market evaluation Market penetration - [A](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/) - A/B Testing, Abandonment, Abandonment rate, ABC analysis, Above the fold, Above-the-line cost, Above-the-line Marketing, Absolute advantage... - [Shopping Center](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/shopping-center/) - Definition: A shopping center is a group of architecturally unified commercial establishments built on a site that is planned, developed, owned, and managed... - [Anchor](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/anchor/) - Definition An anchor is the reference price or reference product in consumers' comparisons. Anchoring effect or anchor bias occurs when the comparison of prices or products against a reference price or reference product are weighted toward the anchor. See Also Anchor store References American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Retail Store](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/retail-store/) - Definition: A retail store is a place of business open to and frequented by the general public—in which sales are made primarily to ultimate consumers... - [Marketing Strategy](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/marketing-strategy/) - Definition Implementation is the stage in the strategic marketing planning process in which an action program is designed to meet the strategic objective(s) using the available resources and given the existing constraints. The action program is intended to be both a translation of a strategic plan into operational terms as well as a means by which - [Above-the-Line Marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/above-the-line-marketing/) - Definition: Above-the-line marketing refers to marketing activities with relatively broad reach that closely relate to brand positioning. An example is... - [Generic Brand](https://marketing-dictionary.org/g/generic-brand/) - Definition: A generic brand is one that is referred to only by its generic class (e.g., drip-grind coffee, barber shop)... - [G](https://marketing-dictionary.org/g/) - Galley proof, Game, Gamma distribution, Garbology, Gatekeeper, Gateway page, General costs, General merchandise store, General merchandise wholesaler, General sales manager... - [Genericize](https://marketing-dictionary.org/g/genericize/) - Definition: Genericize is a colloquial term used to describe what happens to a brand name when it becomes so well recognized that the brand serves as the... - [Service Productization](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/service-productization/) - Definition: Service productization is the process of transforming variable, ad-hoc services and service products into well-defined service products that are... - [L](https://marketing-dictionary.org/l/) - Label, Labeling, Laddering, Laggards, Lagged effect, Landed cost price, Landing page, Late majority, Latent semantic indexing, Launch, Launch control, Law of Comparative Advantage... - [Luxury Product](https://marketing-dictionary.org/l/luxury-product/) - A luxury product is a non-essential good or service often characterized by exclusivity, exceptional quality, brand prestige, and uniqueness. [1][2] Luxury goods are physical items which can lead to hedonic experiences with use, while luxury services are performances that create hedonic experiences. They both can convey monetary and/or social status. [1][2] References Adapted from: Wirtz, - [Acquisition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/acquisition/) - Acquisition refers to the acquiring by one firm of another firm's technology (process, facility or material), product rights (trademarks), or entire businesses. - [Impression (Internet)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/i/impression/) - Definition: An impression (or view) is a single display of online content to a user’s web-enabled device. For ad views, it's the number of times the ad is... - [Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/i/integrated-marketing-communication/) - Definition from marcomissues.blogspot.com Integrated marketing is the coordination across departments within the firm, and the various spheres of the marketing function, to achieve marketing’s task of serving the customer. It's grounded in the recognition that the actions of the various functions in the firm impinge on the customer. Therefore, all these functions have marketing relevance and - [Sales Force Effectiveness](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/sales-force-effectiveness/) - Definition Sales force effectiveness refers to the ability of a company’s sales professionals to “win” at each stage of the customer’s buying process, and ultimately earn the business on the right terms and in the right time frame. Improving sales effectiveness is not just a sales function issue; it’s a company issue, as it requires - [Sales Force Evaluation](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/sales-force-evaluation/) - Definition Sales force evaluation is an assessment of the overall personal selling effort. The evaluation process helps to measure whether the selling effort is on target with respect to the goals established and also provides strong clues of where and how the selling effort can be improved. Sales analysis and cost analysis are major techniques - [Services](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/services/) - Definition: Services are products that are intangible or at least substantially so, such as a bank loan or home security. If totally intangible, they are... - [Marketing Acronyms, Initials & Abbreviations](https://marketing-dictionary.org/marketing-acronyms/) - A AED advertising elasticity of demand AAU awareness, attitudes and usage ABC activity-based costing ABM account-based marketing ACM automatic checkout machine ACV all commodity volume AHP analytic hierarchy process AI - [Artificial Intelligence (AI)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/artificial-intelligence/) - Definition: AI is computer science designing smart computer systems that exhibit the characteristics of intelligence in human learning, reasoning, and solving.. - [Generative Engine Optimization (GEO)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/g/generative-engine-optimization-geo/) - Definition Generative engine optimization (GEO) is the practice of optimizing content for AI-powered search engines and answer engines, which generally use large language models (LLMs) to deliver conversational, context-rich results. Unlike search engine optimization, GEO focuses on structuring content for natural language queries, providing authoritative answers, and leveraging up-to-date data and citations. See Also Artificial - [Online Shopping](https://marketing-dictionary.org/o/online-shopping/) - Definitions Click and collect, also called curbside pickup or buy online, pick-up in store (BOPIS), is a model that lets shoppers purchase merchandise online and pick up their orders at a physical store, locker, or drive-up bay. It has evolved from a pandemic workaround into a mainstream fulfillment option for retailers. [1] from cdn.educba.com/ Research online, - [C](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/) - Cable television Call frequency Call report Call system Campaign Campaign integration Cancellation Canvasser Cannibalization Capabilities Capacity requirements - [O](https://marketing-dictionary.org/o/) - Objective-and-task budgeting, Observation, Observation error, Obsolescence, Odd lot, Odd price, Odd-even pricing, Off-invoice allowance, Off-price shopping center... - [Sales Territory](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/sales-territory/) - Definition A sales force territory is the customer group or geographic district for which an individual salespeople or sales teams hold responsibility. Territories can be defined on the basis of geography, sales potential, history, or a combination of factors. Companies strive to balance their territories because this can reduce costs and increase sales. Purpose from tech4t.com - [Buying Power Index (BPI)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/buying-power-index/) - Definition: Buying Power Index converts three basic elements—population, effective buying income, and retail sales—into a measure of a market's ability to buy. - [Sales Potential](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/sales-potential/) - Definition A sales potential forecast comprises the number of prospects and their buying power. Sales potential can be represented in a number of ways. Of these, the most basic is population (i.e., the number of potential accounts in a territory). In a survey of nearly 200 senior marketing managers, 62 percent responded that they found - [Sales Management](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/sales-management/) - Sales management (or sales force administration) is the planning, direction, and control of the personal selling activities of a business unit, including... - [Lay-Away](https://marketing-dictionary.org/l/lay-away/) - Definition Lay-away is the purchase of an article with a down payment. The store retains the article until full payment is made, often in a series of installments. [1] Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) is the purchase of an article through a type of installment loan. The buyer receives the item immediately with little or - [Home (old version)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/home-old-version/) - Common Language in Marketing is a collaboration of marketing industry associations establishing standard definitions for marketing activities and metrics. Standard language and definitions will eliminate ambiguity in marketing terminology and encourage trust and collaboration within and across the marketing industry & business communities. A B C D E F G H I J K L - [Brand Equity](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/brand-equity/) - Definition: Brand equity is strategically crucial, but famously difficult to quantify. Many experts have developed tools to analyze this asset, but there is... - [Boycott](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/boycott/) - Charles Cunningham Boycott (1832–1897) was an English land agent who became infamous after he was ignored and ostracized by his Irish tenants after treating them very badly. [2] Definition A boycott, in the marketing context, is a form of protest where a group of customers collectively refuse to use or buy products from a certain - [Brand Geography](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/brand-geography/) - Definition A global brand is a brand that is marketed according to the same strategic principles in every part of the world. A local brand is one that is marketed (distributed and promoted) in and/or developed for a relatively small and restricted geographical area. It may be called a regional brand if the area encompasses more than one metropolitan market. A national brand is marketed nationally, - [Geodemography](https://marketing-dictionary.org/g/geodemography/) - Definition: Geodemography is the study of the population and its characteristics, divided according to regions on a geographical basis and involves... - [Demographics](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/demographics/) - Demographics is the study of total size, sex, territorial distribution, age, composition, and other characteristics of human populations; analysis of changes... - [Distribution Channel](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/distribution-channel/) - Definition: A distribution channel (or marketing channel) is the path traveled by a product from the manufacturer—through any middlemen—to the end user... - [Demand](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/demand/) - Demand refers to consumers' desire to purchase goods and services at given prices. The Law of Demand states that quantity purchased varies inversely with price. - [Activation](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/activation/) - Definition Activation is the essentially automatic process by which knowledge and meanings are retrieved from memory and made available for use by cognitive processes. In marketing, activation refers to the marketing activities a company conducts to promote a sponsorship. Money spent on activation is over and above the rights fee paid to the sponsored property. - [Abandonment](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/abandonment/) - Definition: Abandonment is the discontinuance of a marketed product. It may occur at any time from shortly after launch (a new product failure) to many... - [A/B Testing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/ab-testing/) - Definition: A/B testing is randomly showing a respondent one version of a design or page — Version A or Version B — and tracking the changes in behavior... - [Marketing Institutions and Organizations](https://marketing-dictionary.org/marketing-organizations/) - By Acronym: A B C D 4As – American Association of Advertising Agencies AAF – American Advertising Federation AMA – American Marketing Association ARF – Advertising Research Foundation ANA – Association of National Advertisers E EBI – European Brand Institute EIDR – Entertainment Identifier Registry F G H FTC – Federal Trade Commission I J - [Sustainability](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/sustainability/) - Definition: Sustainability involves meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It goes... - [Tachistoscope](https://marketing-dictionary.org/t/tachistoscope/) - Definition: A tachistoscope provides the researcher timing control over a visual stimulus by exposing images to the eye for a brief measured period of time.,, - [Goods](https://marketing-dictionary.org/g/goods/) - Definition Goods are products that have a tangible, physical form (in contrast to services, which are intangible). [1] Brown goods refers to merchandise in the consumer electronic audiovisual field, such as televisions, radios, stereo sets, etc. The name came from the brown (furniture color) cases in which such merchandise was historically manufactured. At one time, brown goods also included all furniture. - [Guarantee](https://marketing-dictionary.org/g/guarantee/) - Definition: A guarantee describes the assurance, expressed or implied, of the quality of products offered for sale. Expressed guarantee is often used as... - [Marketing Acts, Regulations & Standards](https://marketing-dictionary.org/marketing-acts-regulations-standards/) - A B American Technology Preeminence Act of 1991 C D E Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992 Child Protection Act of 1966 Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 Consumer Goods Pricing Act of 1975 Copyright Amendments Act of 1992 F Fair Packaging and Labeling Act of 1966 Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 G - [I](https://marketing-dictionary.org/i/) - Idea generation Idea screening Image (Concept) Image (Measurement) Image advertising I-Marketing Imitation effect Imitative strategy Impact evaluation Imperfect competition Implementation Implied warranty Import tariff Impression (Advertising) Impression (Internet) Impulse buying Impulse product Impulse purchase Impulse-intercept merchandise In-house agency In-pack premium In-store advertising Inbound marketingInclusion marketing Inclusive marketing Incremental return on ad spend Incrementality Index of Consumer Sentiment Index - [Uniform Commercial Code (UCC)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/u/uniform-commercial-code/) - Definition The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) is a code adopted by most states that provides consistency in commercial law and deals with all the aspects of a commercial transaction as well as other commercial matters such as bulk sales, investment securities, and the bank collection process. See Also Fair trade laws References American Marketing Association, - [Fair Trade Laws](https://marketing-dictionary.org/f/fair-trade-laws/) - Fair trade laws permitted suppliers of branded goods to impose resale price maintenance contracts fixing minimum retail prices. The Consumer Goods Pricing Act.. - [ISO 10668 Brand Valuation](https://marketing-dictionary.org/marketing-acts-regulations-standards/iso-10668-brand-valuation/) - Definition: ISO 10668 is an international meta-standard which specifies a framework for monetary brand valuation, including objectives, bases of valuation... - [ISO 20671 Brand Evaluation](https://marketing-dictionary.org/marketing-acts-regulations-standards/iso-20671-brand-evaluation/) - ISO 20671 is an international meta-standard which puts forth a rigorous framework and set of principles for conducting systematic brand evaluations. - [General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/marketing-acts-regulations-standards/general-data-protection-regulation/) - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a law concerning data protection and privacy for all individuals within the European Union. The protection of... - [Copyright](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/copyright/) - Definition: A copyright offers the owner of original work that can be printed, recorded, or "fixed" in any manner the sole right to reproduce and distribute... - [Consumer Protection Legislation](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/consumer-protection-legislation/) - Definition The basic consumer protection legislation enacted by the federal government is the Federal Trade Commission Act, which empowers the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to prohibits unfair or deceptive acts or practices. The Federal Communication Commission (FCC) Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992 (also known as the 1992 Cable Act) is a U.S. federal - [American Technology Preeminance Act](https://marketing-dictionary.org/marketing-acts-regulations-standards/american-technology-preeminance-act/) - Definition American Technology Preeminence Act requires that packaging labels in consumer commodities be expressed in both the metric system and the Imperial system (inches, pounds, etc.). See Also Fair trade laws References American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Premium](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/premium/) - Definition: In retailing, a premium is merchandise offered free or at a lower price as an additional incentive for a customer to make a purchase. In sales... - [Zoning](https://marketing-dictionary.org/wxyz/zoning/) - Definition: In retailing, zoning is the regulation of buildings in certain areas of a municipality. In sales, it's a method for scheduling sales calls that... - [W X Y Z](https://marketing-dictionary.org/wxyz/) - Wagon distributor, Want book, Want slip, Warehouse, Warehouse club, Warehouse receipt, Warehouse retailing, Warehouse store, Warranty, Waybill, Weak product, Wearout... - [Commercial](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/commercial/) - Today, many TV commericials feature scannable QR codes. Definition Commercial is the term used to indicate an advertising message in radio, broadcast television (TV spot) and cable television media." A commercial pool is a group of commercials for goods or services that an advertiser has ready for use as part of an advertising campaign. A storyboard is a sequence of illustrations of the - [ZIP Code](https://marketing-dictionary.org/wxyz/zip-code/) - Definition: ZIP code, a geographical classification system for mail distribution, has a nested, numeric code with a range of five to nine digits... - [Zero Order Model](https://marketing-dictionary.org/wxyz/zero-order-model/) - Definition A zero order model is a probabilistic model in which the probability of occurrence of any given outcome at a particular point in time does not depend on any previous outcomes of the process. Models of this kind are often used to represent brand choice behavior or media exposure patterns. References American Marketing - [XML Feed](https://marketing-dictionary.org/wxyz/xml-feed/) - Definition: XML stands for “eXtensible markup language,” a data delivery language. It's a software- and hardware-independent tool for storing/transporting data. - [Willingness to Search](https://marketing-dictionary.org/wxyz/willingness-to-search/) - Definition Willingness to search measures the likelihood that customers will delay purchase, change stores, or reduce purchase quantities to avoid switching brands. Although many metrics explore brand loyalty, this one has been called the "acid test." It can tell a company much about the attitude of its customers and whether its position in the market - [Willingness to Recommend](https://marketing-dictionary.org/wxyz/willingness-to-recommend/) - Definition: Willingness to recommend is a key metric related to customer satisfaction. When a customer is satisfied with a product, she/he might recommend it... - [Willingness to Pay More](https://marketing-dictionary.org/wxyz/willingness-to-pay-more/) - Definition: Willingness to Pay More is the percentage of surveyed respondents who indicate that they would be willing to pay more for a branded product... - [Wholesale](https://marketing-dictionary.org/wxyz/wholesale/) - Definition Wholesale and wholesaling refer to all transactions in which the purchaser is actuated by a profit or business motive in making the purchase, except for transactions that involve a small quantity of goods purchased from a retail establishment for business use, which is considered a retail purchase. A wholesaler is a merchant establishment operated by - [White Goods](https://marketing-dictionary.org/wxyz/white-goods/) - White goods traditionally refers to large home appliances such as stoves, refrigerators, freezers and washing machines. Originally such goods were only... - [Website](https://marketing-dictionary.org/wxyz/website/) - Definition: A website is a collection of interconnected HTML documents called web pages. They can provide information about a company, product line, org... - [Web Metrics](https://marketing-dictionary.org/wxyz/web-metrics/) - Definition: Web metrics are measurement criteria used to evaluate the effectiveness of online marketing campaigns, including unique visitors, page views... - [Warehouse](https://marketing-dictionary.org/wxyz/warehouse/) - Definition A warehouse is a physical facility used primarily for the storage of goods held in anticipation of sale or transfer within the distribution channel. A warehouse receipt is a receipt that a public warehouse issues to a depositor for goods placed in storage. Warehouse retailing involves selling merchandise (particularly groceries, drugs, hardware, home-improvement goods, and home furnishings) in a superstore type of warehouse atmosphere. The facilities - [Walled Garden](https://marketing-dictionary.org/wxyz/walled-garden/) - Definition: The wall referred to in walled garden is largely about measurement. This is an unofficial designation for any digital platforms that keep data... - [Volume Projections](https://marketing-dictionary.org/v/volume-projections/) - Volume projections enable marketers to forecast sales by sampling customer intentions through surveys and market studies. By estimating how many customers... - [Voice of the Customer (VOC)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/v/voice-of-the-customer-voc/) - Definition: Voice of the Customer refers to the collection, analysis, and dissemination of customer-sourced data throughout the firm to enable the company... - [Visit](https://marketing-dictionary.org/v/visit/) - Definition Visits (or sessions) is a measure of the number of times individuals request a page on the firm’s server. The first request counts as a visit. Subsequent requests from the same individual do not count as visits unless they occur after a specified timeout period (usually set at 30 minutes). For example, when an - [Viral Marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/v/viral-marketing/) - Definition: Viral marketing is a marketing phenomenon that facilitates and encourages people to pass along a marketing message, which can build until... - [Vertical Marketing System (VMS)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/v/vertical-marketing-system/) - Definition: A vertical marketing system is a long-term channel relationship in which firms acknowledge and desire interdependence, channel systems consisting... - [Vendor](https://marketing-dictionary.org/v/vendor/) - Definition: In retailing, a vendor is a firm from which a retailer obtains merchandise. In industrial applications, a vendor supplies specific products to... - [Vending Machine](https://marketing-dictionary.org/v/vending-machine/) - Definition: A vending machine is a coin-, currency-, or credit card-operated machine activated by the ultimate consumer-buyer for the retail sale of goods... - [Velocity Metrics](https://marketing-dictionary.org/v/velocity-metrics/) - Definition: In business, a number of metrics measure velocity (productivity over time): cash flow velocity refers to the rate of sales, positive cash flow... - [Variety](https://marketing-dictionary.org/v/variety/) - Definition: Variety refers to the number of different classifications of goods carried in a particular merchandising unit. It implies generically different... - [Value Propositions](https://marketing-dictionary.org/v/value-propositions/) - Definition: Customer value propositions or selling propositions are the sum total of benefits a customer is promised to receive in return for her patronage... - [Value Chain Analysis](https://marketing-dictionary.org/v/value-chain-analysis/) - Definition: Value chain analysis is an approach to assessing the positions of competitive advantage. A value chain first classifies the activities... - [Value Analysis](https://marketing-dictionary.org/v/value-analysis/) - Definition Value analysis has dual meanings: In industrial applications, value analysis is an analytical procedure to study the costs versus the benefits of a currently purchased material, component, or design in order to reduce the cost/benefit ratio as much as possible. It is also called value engineering. When performed by a seller, it is often - [Marketing Measure Validation](https://marketing-dictionary.org/v/validity/) - Definition: Validity is a term applied to measuring instruments reflecting the extent to which differences in scores on marketing measurement reflect true... - [User](https://marketing-dictionary.org/u/user/) - Definition The term user can refer to a: [1] consumer unique visitor (Internet) user (Buying roles) An end user or ultimate user is a person or organization that consumes a good or service that may consist of the input of numerous firms. For example, an insurance company may be the end user for a keyboard for a personal - [Usage](https://marketing-dictionary.org/u/usage/) - Definition: Usage involves measures of customers' self-reported behavior concerning such market dynamics as purchase frequency and units per purchase... - [U.S. Census](https://marketing-dictionary.org/u/us-census/) - Definition The decennial census or U.S. Census is the complete count of the population every ten years (those ending in "0") by the United States Census Bureau, as is provided by Article I of the U.S. Constitution. [1] This enumeration and compilation of information about the characteristics of the U.S. population is a rich source of - [Universal Product Code (UPC)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/u/universal-product-code/) - Definition: Universal product code (UPC) refers to a coordinated system of product identification by which a number (usually 12 digits) is assigned to products. - [Unique Visitor](https://marketing-dictionary.org/u/unique-visitor/) - Definition Unique visitors refers to the number of distinct individuals requesting pages from the website during a given period, regardless of how often they visit. (Visits refers to the number of times a site is visited, no matter how many unique visitors make up those sessions.) When an individual goes to a website on Tuesday, - [Unique Selling Proposition (USP)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/u/unique-selling-proposition/) - Definition: A unique selling proposition concentrates on the uniquely differentiating characteristic of the product that is both important to the customer... - [Uniform Resource Locator (URL)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/u/url/) - Definition: URL (uniform resource locator) is a website address. The domain is the name of the website. The path includes directory and file information... - [Unfair Competition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/u/unfair-competition/) - Definition: Unfair competition refers to sales practices deemed unethical by judicial, legal, or administrative agencies, like elling products below cost... - [Transparent Metric](https://marketing-dictionary.org/t/transparent-metric/) - Definition: A transparent metric is one for which the claims of specific properties or capabilities for the metric are substantiated and open... - [Traffic](https://marketing-dictionary.org/t/traffic/) - Definition: Foot traffic is the measure of the number of visits to a retail space, a critical metric for store managers. Various devices are available to... - [Trademark](https://marketing-dictionary.org/t/trademark/) - Definition: A trademark is legally protected brand name, brand mark, or trade character identifying one seller's product and differentiating it from others... - [Trade Show](https://marketing-dictionary.org/t/trade-show/) - Definition A trade show is an exhibition organized so that companies in a specific industry can showcase and demonstrate their latest products, meet with industry partners and customers, study activities of rivals, and examine recent market trends and opportunities. [1] See Also Brand activation References Common Language in Marketing Project, 2018. - [Total Distribution](https://marketing-dictionary.org/t/total-distribution/) - Definition: Total distribution is the sum of All Commodity Volume (ACV) or Product Category Volume (PCV) distribution for all of a brand’s SKUs... - [T](https://marketing-dictionary.org/t/) - Tachistoscope, Tachistoscope training, Tactics, Tagline, Tags, Tail terms, Take-one pad, Take transaction, Tangible asset, Tare, Target market, Target market identification … - [Top of Mind Awareness (TOMA)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/t/top-of-mind-awareness/) - Definition: Top-of-mind awareness is defined as being the first brand that comes to mind when a customer is asked an unprompted question about a category... - [Test Market](https://marketing-dictionary.org/t/test-market/) - Definition: A test market is the trading area selected to test a company's new or modified goods, services, or promotion. - [Television (TV)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/t/television/) - Definition: Television (TV) is a mass advertising medium which combines moving images and sound. The signal may be transmitted in a number of ways.... - [Technological Forecasting](https://marketing-dictionary.org/t/technological-forecasting/) - Definition: Technological forecasting involves the prediction of innovations and advances in a particular technology. Both exploratory research methods and... - [Targeting](https://marketing-dictionary.org/t/targeting/) - Definition: Targeting or target marketing involves narrowly focusing marketing activities to attract a specific, marketing-profiled potential customer... - [Target Rating Points (TRPs)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/t/target-rating-points/) - Definition: Target rating points (TRPs) quantify the gross rating points achieved by an advertisement or campaign among targeted individuals... - [Target Market](https://marketing-dictionary.org/t/target-market/) - Definition: A business develops, manufactures, and markets products appropriate to a selected segment of the market, called the target market. - [Sustainable Marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/sustainable-marketing/) - Definition from marketing360.in Sustainability marketing (or sustainability-related marketing) is the practice of actively associating an organization’s offerings with ideas relevant to sustainability. This may be to pursue customers who place a value on sustainability as well as to grow the base of customers who do so. When successful, sustainability marketing allows the organization to be - [Stockpiling](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/stockpiling/) - Definition: Stockpiling is the activity of acquiring and storing a large quantity of something. Consumer stockpiling is consumers acquiring a large quantity... - [Stakeholder](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/stakeholder/) - Definition: A stakeholder is one of a group of publics with which a company must be concerned. Key stakeholders include consumers, employees, stockholders... - [Sponsorship](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/sponsorship/) - Sponsorship refers to a cash or in-kind fee paid by a sponsor to a property or entity in return for access to the marketing resources associated with that... - [Sole Usage](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/sole-usage/) - Definition Sole usage is the fraction of a brand's customers who use only the brand in question. Sole users may be die-hard, loyal customers. Alternatively, they may not have access to other options, perhaps because they live in remote areas. Where sole use is 100 percent, the share of requirements is also 100 percent. Purpose - [Social Media Marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/social-media-marketing/) - Definition: Social media marketing is a tactic that taps into the growth of social networks, encouraging users to adopt and pass along widgets or other content. - [Social Marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/social-marketing/) - Definition: Social marketing is the marketing of political ideas and social causes. Examples include endangered species protection, access to clean water... - [Small and Medium Enterprises (SME)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/small-and-medium-enterprises/) - Definition: SME refers to businesses whose personnel numbers, revenue, or other factors fall below certain limits. What limits apply to SME varies by country... - [SKU Profitability](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/sku-profitability/) - Definition: Profitability metrics for retail products and categories are similar to other measures of profitability, such as unit and percentage margins... - [Simple Metric](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/simple-metric/) - Definition: A simple metric is one that is readily available, uncomplicated and easy to use. Its meaning and implications are clear, and it is empowering... - [Shrinkflation](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/shrinkflation/) - Definition: Product downsizing is the practice of a manufacturer reducing the size or quantity of goods included within a package in response to rising costs... - [Shopping Mission](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/shopping-mission/) - Definition: A shopping mission is a goal for a particular shopping occasion. They are the combination of needs and reasons to visit one or more stores... - [Shopping Cart](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/shopping-cart/) - Definition: A shopping cart is a piece of software on a web server that allows visitors to select items for eventual purchase. Graphically, it is often... - [Shopper Marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/shopper-marketing/) - Definition: Shopper marketing focuses on improving the shopping experience for consumers to drive sales both in-store and online at the point-of-purchase... - [Sharing Economy](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/sharing-economy/) - Definition: A sharing economy involves taking under-utilized assets and making them accessible to a community where multiple individuals have access to a... - [Share of Shelf](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/share-of-shelf/) - Definition: Share of shelf is a marketing metric that compares the facings of a given brand to the total facings positions available... - [Service Innovation](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/service-innovation/) - Definition: A service innovation is a new or enhanced intangible offering that involves the firm’s performance of a task/activity intended to benefit customers. - [Service–Dominant Logic](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/service-dominant-logic/) - Definition: Service–Dominant Logic is a strategic framework that treats customers as value creators in their interactions with producers. All interactions... - [Sensitive Metric](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/sensitive-metric/) - Definition A sensitive marketing metric is one that detects even small, meaningful differences in outcomes and actions. For example, a metric with more response categories can be more sensitive than one with fewer. Marketing metrics from a survey or experiment using a large sample size will be more sensitive than ones from a survey or - [Search Engine Optimization (SEO)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/search-engine-optimization/) - Definition: A search engine is a database that indexes web pages, then displays a listing of those that are relevant when a user performs a search query... - [Digital Marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/digital-marketing/) - Digital marketing combines traditional marketing principles and practices with the interactive features of the Internet to deliver need-satisfying goods... - [Generations](https://marketing-dictionary.org/g/generations/) - Definition: Generation X is a term used to describe the generation born between approximately 1965 and 1979. Members of this generation are noted for high... - [Sampling](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/sampling/) - Definition: Sampling is the act of selecting a sample, a subset of elements from within a population used to estimate characteristics of the whole population. - [Sample Representativeness](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/sample-representativeness/) - Sample representativeness refers to the degree that a drawn subset mirrors the population of interest in terms of the characteristics being studied. - [Salesperson](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/salesperson/) - Definition A salesperson is primarily involved in the personal process of assisting and/or persuading a potential customer to buy a product to the mutual benefit of both buyer and seller. A canvasser or house-to-house salesperson is one who is primarily engaged in qualifying prospective customers or making sales directly to ultimate consumers in their homes. A sales engineer (or technical salesperson) is a salesperson who has - [Sales Force Compensation](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/sales-force-compensation/) - Sales force compensation may be based on the past (growth), the present (comparison with others), or the future (percentage of goal achieved). A bonus is... - [H](https://marketing-dictionary.org/h/) - Habit, Habit formation, Habitual buying behavior, Halo effect, Handbill, Hard goods, Hard sell, Harvesting strategy, Head terms, Headline, Health care marketing, Heavy usage … - [Sales Call](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/sales-call/) - Definition A sales call is a meeting between a customer and a salesperson who engages in selling. Call frequency is the number of sales calls per time period made on a particular customer. The call frequencies assigned to customers are used by salespeople to plan their own route and sales call schedules. A call report is a salesperson’s report - [D](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/) - Damaged goods, Damaged merchandise, Dashboard, Data cleansing, Data mining, Data-management platform, Database, Database marketing, Dating, Day-after recall, Dayparting Deal… - [K](https://marketing-dictionary.org/k/) - Keiretsu Kerning Key account Key items Key performance indicators Key success factors Keystone markup Keyword Keyword cloudKeyword density Keyword phrase Keyword research Keyword stemming Keyword stuffing Keyword targeting Keywords tag Knowledge Knowledge function of attitudes - [R](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/) - Racetrack layout, Rack jobber, Radio wrap-around, Raincheck, Random digit dialing, Random sample, Randomized response model, Rate, Rate card, Rate differential, Rate of return … - [Rule of Reason](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/rule-of-reason/) - In economics, rule of reason is a principle for determining the legality of business practices. Illegality is determined by evidence concerning the country... - [Routinized Choice Behavior](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/routinized-choice-behavior/) - Definition: Routinized choice behavior occurs after a sufficient number of "trials" or purchases of a particular brand; the decision process requires very... - [Revenue Marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/revenue-marketing/) - Definition: Revenue marketing is a term growing in prominence, especially among B2B marketers. A recent industry survey has identified four elements on the... - [Return on Sales (ROS)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/return-on-sales/) - Return on Sales is the measure of net profit as a percentage of sales revenue. It indicates profitability and is used to compare profitability of companies... - [Return of Objective (ROO)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/return-of-objective-roo/) - Return of Objective (a.k.a. Return on Objective and ROO) refers to the use of non-sales metrics to gauge the impact of marketing activity. - [Marketing Return on Investment (MROI)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/marketing-return-on-investment/) - Definition: Marketing Return on Investment is the contribution to profit attributable to marketing (net of marketing spending), divided by marketing invested. - [Return on Ad Spend (ROAS)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/return-on-ad-spend/) - Return on Ad Spend (ROAS) is a marketing metric that compares the sales generated by advertising to the corresponding advertising costs. It's used to compare... - [Retention Rate](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/retention-rate/) - Definition: Retention rate is the ratio of the number of retained customers to the number at risk. It's used to count customers and track customer activity... - [Retailing the Invoice](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/retailing-the-invoice/) - Definition: Retailing the invoice is the practice of writing the unit selling prices on vendors' invoices, serving as the buyer's authorization. - [Retailing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/retailing/) - Definition: Retailing is a set of business activities that accomplish the sale of goods and services for purposes of personal, family or household use... - [Retail Store Layout](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/retail-store-layout/) - An adjacencies plan is a retail store layout plan that determines which categories of merchandise will be placed adjacent to each other. A block plan is a... - [Retail Store Features](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/retail-store-features/) - Retail establishments commonly feature an accommodation desk or service desk to deal with customer accommodation on store information, exchanges or refunds... - [Retail Inventory Method of Accounting](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/retail-inventory-method-of-accounting/) - Definition: Retail inventory method of accounting is a system where the closing inventory at cost is determined by the average relationship between cost and... - [Resonance](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/resonance/) - Definition: Resonance refers to how well an advertisement aligns with the media context and audience. By this measure, not all impressions are alike. - [Research Interviews](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/research-interviews/) - Definition Computer-assisted interviewing (CAI) is the conducting of surveys using computers to manage the sequence of questions and in which the answers are recorded electronically through the use of the keyboard or touch screen. Depth interview refers to an unstructured personal interview in which the interviewer attempts to get subjects to talk freely and to express their true feelings. - [Research and Development (R&D)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/research-and-development/) - Definition: Research and development (R&D) is the function of working through various sciences and technologies to design new products, usually involving... - [Reliable Metric](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/reliable-metric/) - A reliable metric or measure in marketing is one that is consistent over time and stable over comparable conditions. There are three types of metric reliability: [1] Type of Reliability Assesses Test-retest The same metric on the same sample at different times Inter-rater The same metric(s) rated by different people Parallel - [Relevant Metric](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/relevant-metric/) - Definition: A marketing metric is relevant if its results address specific, pending decisions and actions. Relevant is one of 10 Characteristics of an Ideal... - [Refund](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/refund/) - Definition A refund refers to the return of the amount paid for an item. This may be due to the customer being unsatisfied with the product. See Also Customer satisfaction References American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Referral](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/referral/) - Definition A referral is a lead for a prospect given to the salesperson by an existing customer. [1] Referral marketing is a marketing strategy that uses word of mouth and personal recommendations to grow a business's customer base. Unlike pure word of mouth, which happens organically, referral marketing programs are initiated and directed by marketers. The - [Reference Group](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/reference-group/) - Definition: In marketing, a reference group is a group of people that consumers look up to or seek approval from when making purchasing decisions... - [Recency](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/recency/) - Definition: Recency refers to the length of time since a customer's last purchase. Firms in non-contractual situations with identifiable customers will count... - [Reach](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/reach/) - Definition: Reach quantifies the number or percentage of individuals in a defined population who receive at least one exposure to an advertisement... - [Rating Point](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/rating-point/) - Definition: Rating is the percentage of the total potential audience who are exposed to a particular media vehicle. In television, a rating is the number of... - [Rate Card](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/rate-card/) - In advertising media, a rate card is a printed listing of charges associated with different amounts of time or space, placements and other conditions of sales. - [Quota](https://marketing-dictionary.org/q/quota/) - In sales, quota means a target level of performance and/or activity that a salesperson is expected to achieve. In global marketing, quota is a trade term that.. - [Query](https://marketing-dictionary.org/q/query/) - Definition: Query or search query refers to words (search terms) that are typed into a search engine in order to get information from the Internet... - [Quality Score](https://marketing-dictionary.org/q/quality-score/) - Definition Quality score is a number assigned by Google to paid ads in a hybrid auction that, together with maximum CPC, determines each ad's rank and SERP position. It reflects an ad's historical CTR, keyword relevance, landing page relevance, and other factors proprietary to Google. [1] Yahoo! refers to their version of the "quality score" as - [Quality of Life](https://marketing-dictionary.org/q/quality-of-life/) - Definition: Quality of life refers to a sense of well-being about a person's or society's way of life and lifestyle, often estimated by social indicators. - [Quality Control (QC)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/q/quality-control/) - Definition: Quality control's primary purpose is to verify that goods or services produced meet the specifications established for them... - [Q](https://marketing-dictionary.org/q/) - Q-sort technique Qualified market Qualifying Qualitative research Quality assurance Quality assured metric Quality control Quality index Quality of life Quality score Quantitative research Quantity discount Query Questionnaire Quick-response delivery system Quick-service restaurant Quota Quota sample Quotation Quote - [Quality Assured Metric](https://marketing-dictionary.org/q/quality-assured-metric/) - Definition: A quality assured metric is one that is systematically evaluated through comparison with a standard and the monitoring of processes and the... - [Quantitative Research](https://marketing-dictionary.org/q/quantitative-research/) - Definition Quantitative research collects numerical data and applies statistical techniques to it. Quantitative research is often used to test hypotheses, identify patterns, quantify outcomes, find relations between variables, and make predictions in terms of numbers. In marketing, quantitative research is often used to study people’s motivations and behaviors through customer survey, media exposure, and transaction - [Qualitative Research](https://marketing-dictionary.org/q/qualitative-research/) - Definition: Qualitative research collects detailed descriptions of an event or situation with the aim of uncovering new insights and understanding, often... - [Publicity](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/publicity/) - Definition Publicity is non-paid-for communication of information about the company or product, generally via some media vehicle. A junket is a publicity device in which members of the media are brought to a company to observe the product being made, research facilities, etc. Note: This term is more commonly used to refer to paid casino trips - [Public Service Announcement](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/public-service-announcement/) - Definition: A public service announcement (PSA) is an ad, commercial, or promotional message carried by the media at no cost, as a public service to viewers... - [Public Relations](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/public-relations/) - Definition Public relations refers to that form of communication management that seeks to make use of publicity and other nonpaid forms of promotion and information to influence the feelings, opinions, or beliefs about the company, its products or the value of the goods or services or the activities of the organization to buyers, prospects, or - [Psychographics](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/psychographics/) - Definition: Psychographics refer to techniques that investigate how people live, what interests them, and what they like. It's also called lifestyle analysis... - [Prospecting](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/prospecting/) - Definition A prospect is a potential qualified customer (an individual, household or organization) who has the willingness, financial capacity, authority, and eligibility to buy what the salesperson is offering. [1] Prospecting is the process of identifying and contacting potential customers. [2] Qualifying is the process of determining whether a person or group has the characteristics - [Promotion](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/promotion/) - In marketing, promotion refers to any type of communication used to inform target audiences of the relative merits of a product, service, brand or issue... - [Programmatic Marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/programmatic-marketing/) - Definition Programmatic marketing is a term that covers a wide range of technologies that automatically trigger the buying, placement, and optimization of marketing communications through machines, replacing traditional human-controlled methods (although human skills are used in "programming" the rules that trigger the automatic transactions). Common forms of programmatic marketing include real-time bidding (RTB) – historically - [Profit-based Sales Targets](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/profit-based-sales-targets/) - Definition: Managers often start with an idea of dollar profit they desire and ask what sales levels will be required to reach it – profit-based sales targets. - [Production](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/production/) - Definition Production refers to the addition of utilities to goods or the rendering of services possessing utility. In marketing, production specifically refers to the creation of form utility, i.e., all activities used to change the appearance or composition of a good or service with the intent of making it more attractive to potential and actual - [Product-Market Growth Matrix](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/product-market-growth-matrix/) - The Product-Market Growth Matrix or Ansoff Matrix is a strategic planning tool developed in 1957 by Igor Ansoff to help firms recognize if there was any advantage to entering a market. The four growth strategies in the Product-Market Growth Matrix are: market penetration (existing markets, existing products) product development (existing markets, new products) market development - [Product Life Cycle (PLC)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/product-life-cycle/) - Definition The four stages that a new product is thought to go through from birth to death are introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. Controversy surrounds whether products do indeed go through such cycles in any systematic, predictable way. The product life cycle (PLC) is based on four premises: Products have a limited life. Product sales - [Product Launch](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/product-launch/) - Definition Product launch involves introduction of a new product to market, usually accompanied by advertising and other marketing communications. [1] Launch control is the process by which management plans for and supervises the introduction of a new product. The product’s progress is monitored against pre-established norms, variances are detected, and corrections made such that the original goals - [Product](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/product/) - Definition: A product is a bundle of attributes (features, functions, benefits, and uses) capable of exchange or use; a mix of tangible and intangible forms... - [Product Category Volume (PCV)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/product-category-volume/) - Definition: Product category volume (PCV) is the weighted measure of distribution based on store sales within the category. PCV is a refinement of.... - [Probability Sampling](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/probability-sampling/) - Definition A probability sample is a sample in which each population element has a known, nonzero chance of being included. from conceptshacked.com A simple random sample is a probability sample in which each population element has a known and equal chance of being included in the sample and in which every combination of n population elements is a sample possibility and is - [Print Media](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/print-media/) - Definition Print media refers to all forms of physical, printed paper publications such as newspapers, magazines, books and journals. Advertising in this medium can either appear directly on a page of the publication or take the form of insertions. [1][2] A column inch is a unit of print advertising space that is one column wide and one inch in height. - [Pricing Strategy](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/pricing-strategy/) - A variety of pricing strategies are used to set the optimal price for a product: An acceptable price range includes those prices that buyers are willing to pay for goods or services. A common method for estimating the acceptable price range is a Van Westendorp analysis. [1] Adaptation (or polycentric) pricing policy is pricing for the rest of the world by adapting - [Price Tailoring](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/price-tailoring/) - Definition Price tailoring (or price discrimination) is the practice of charging different buyers different prices for the same quantity and quality of product. [1] Marketers have invented a variety of price discrimination tools, including coupons, rebates, and discounts. All are designed to exploit variations in price sensitivity among customers. Whenever customers have different sensitivities to - [Price Sensitivity Meter (PSM)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/price-sensitivity-meter/) - Definition Price sensitivity refers to the degree to which demand for a given product is affected by a change in its price. [1] Price sensitivity meter (PSM) refers to a research method for establishing the range of prices that customers are willing to pay for a product. [2] The technique was introduced as the Van - [Price Premium](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/price-premium/) - Price premium, or relative price, is the percentage by which a product’s selling price exceeds (or falls short of) a benchmark price. Marketers must monitor... - [Price per Statistical Unit](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/price-per-statistical-unit/) - Definition Average prices represent, quite simply, total sales revenue divided by total units sold. Many products, however, are sold in multiple variants, such as bottle sizes. In these cases, managers face a challenge: they must determine "comparable" units. Average unit price can be calculated by weighting different unit selling prices by the percentage of unit - [Price](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/price/) - Definition: Price is the formal ratio that indicates the quantity of money, goods or services needed to acquire a given quantity of goods or services... - [Product Positioning](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/positioning/) - Definition: As a noun, a brand positioning or product positioning is the way consumers, users, buyers and others perceive competitive brands or product types... - [Population](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/population/) - Definition Population refers to the totality of persons that conform to some designated specifications or live in a particular area. In the United States, urban population is defined as persons living in places of 2,500 or more inhabitants incorporated as cities, villages, boroughs, or areas designated as such by the U.S. Census, with some exceptions. Rural population is that - [Pop-Up Ad](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/pop-up-ad/) - Definition A pop-up ad is an internet ad that displays in a new browser window. They typically are smaller and do not offer the standard navigation tools of a standard browser window. A pop-under ad is an internet ad that displays in a new browser window behind the current browser window. Pop-under ad windows typically are smaller and do not offer the standard navigation - [Persuasion Rating Point (PRP)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/persuasion-rating-point-prp/) - Definition A persuasion rating point (PRP), or persuasive rating point, is a combination of the gross rating points (GRPs) placed behind an advertising execution and that execution’s persuasive power over a specific time period. PRPs are used in media planning to increase marketing return by determining the optimal allocation of GRPs for each advertisement based - [Personalized Marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/personalized-marketing/) - Definition: Personalized marketing uses data about an individual prospect’s demographics, life stage, behaviors and preferences to deliver them focused ads... - [Payback](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/payback/) - Definition: Payback is a calculation of the length of time taken to return the initial investment. Along with net present value and internal rate of return... - [Patent](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/patent/) - Definition: Patents provide the owner the exclusive legal right to produce and sell an invention for seventeen years. They are incentives to inventors... - [Party Selling](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/party-selling/) - Definition: Party selling involves demonstrating and selling products to a group of consumers attending a party at a neighbor's or friend's house... - [Partially Integrated Division](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/partially-integrated-division/) - Definition A partially integrated division contains production and marketing functions – except for sales. Personal selling is provided by a centralized sales organization selling the products of two or more divisions. A centralized sales organization can be more cost effective when the divisions produce products that are sold to similar markets through the same channels - [PEO Model](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/peo-model/) - Definition: The PEO (Paid-Earned-Owned) Model classifies communications efforts by dividing distributed content into three partially overlapping groupings... - [PageRank](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/page-rank/) - Definition PageRank (PR) is the GoogleSearch algorithm developed at Stanford University for placing importance on webpages and websites. At one point, PageRank was a major factor in rankings. Today it is one of hundreds of factors in the algorithm that determines a page's rankings. References American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. SEMPO (Search Engine Marketing Professional - [Packaging](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/packaging/) - Definition: Packaging refers to the container used to protect, promote, transport, and/or identify a product. The package may vary from a plastic band wrap... - [Packaged Goods](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/packaged-goods/) - Definition: Packaged goods, consumer packaged goods (CPGs) or fast-moving consumer goods (FMCGs) are goods that are usually sold in smaller packages, carry... - [Outbound Marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/o/outbound-marketing/) - Definition: In outbound marketing, the marketer initiates contact with the customer through methods such as TV, radio and digital display advertising... - [Out of Stock/Out-of-Stocks](https://marketing-dictionary.org/o/out-of-stocks/) - Definition: Out of stock at the store level means a given, normally stocked product is not available at a specific time. Out-of-stocks quantify the number of... - [Out-of-Home (OOH) Advertising](https://marketing-dictionary.org/o/out-of-home-ooh-advertising/) - Definition "The billboard is one of the most iconic advertising forms. Designed in the early 1800s to notify the public of upcoming circus performances, its use as an awareness builder for events is still going strong." - MSW Research Out-of-home (OOH) advertising refers to any advertising media found outside of the home but typically not inside - [Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/o/original-equipment-manufacturer/) - Definition from investopedia.com An original equipment manufacturer (OEM) is a company whose goods are used as components in the products of another company. An OEM creates parts and components that are used by other companies in their finished products. These other companies are typically called value-added resellers (VARs). VARs work closely with the OEM, which often customizes - [Optionality](https://marketing-dictionary.org/o/optionality/) - Definition A beer brand executing its optionality by expanding into seltzer beverages Optionality is the availability of further opportunities after an initial investment has been made. In marketing, optionality refers to opportunities to leverage investments in a marketing asset, such as a brand name, customer franchise, or distribution network. Also known as real options, optionality - [Optical Character Recognition (OCR)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/o/optical-character-recognition/) - Definition: Optical character recognition (OCR) is an industry-wide classification system for coding information onto merchandise. Retailers record... - [Open To Buy (OTB)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/o/open-to-buy/) - Definition: Open to buy (OTB) refers to the residual balance of current purchase allotments, calculated as total planned purchases less receipts and... - [Opportunity Cost](https://marketing-dictionary.org/o/opportunity-cost/) - Definition Opportunity cost is the loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen. As applied to marketing, opportunity cost is the comparison of the actual or expected monetary return of a chosen marketing strategy, tactic, or plan to that of the best alternative for the same use of resources. It is - [Opinion](https://marketing-dictionary.org/o/opinion/) - Definition: An opinion is a belief or emotionally neutral cognition that an individual holds about some aspect of or object in the environment... - [Open Order](https://marketing-dictionary.org/o/open-order/) - Definition: An open order is one sent by a store to a market representative to be placed with whatever vendor the latter finds can best fill it... - [Open Dating](https://marketing-dictionary.org/o/open-dating/) - Definition Open dating is the practice of putting onto a product package information that reveals the date beyond which it should no longer be sold or used. This may also be referred to as the sell by, best by, or use by date. This applies primarily to perishable goods (i.e., those that lose some important - [Omnichannel Marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/o/omnichannel-marketing/) - Definition: Omnichannel marketing refers to the strategic integration of all the possible points of contact between customers/prospects and the marketer... - [Off-Retail Percentage](https://marketing-dictionary.org/o/off-retail-percentage/) - Definition: Off-retail percentage is the markdown as a percentage of the original price. If an item originally retails for $10 and is marked down to $5; the... - [Objective Metric](https://marketing-dictionary.org/o/objective-metric/) - Definition: An objective metric provides facts, explanations and information that are not subject to personal interpretation by personal feelings or prejudices. - [Numeric Distribution](https://marketing-dictionary.org/n/numeric-distribution/) - Definition Numeric distribution is based on the number of outlets that carry a product – outlets that list at least one of the product’s stock-keeping units (SKUs). It is defined as the percentage of stores that stock a given brand or SKU within the universe of stores in the relevant market. Distribution metrics quantify the - [Non-Probability Sampling](https://marketing-dictionary.org/n/non-probability-sampling/) - Definition: A non-probability sample is a sample that relies on personal judgment somewhere in the element selection process and prohibits estimating... - [New Product Development (NPD)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/n/new-product-development/) - Definition New-product development (NPD) is the overall process for developing a new product, although the exact stages in this process may vary by company. According to Kotler and Keller, the major steps include the following: [1] Idea generation – Product ideas are sought from various sources (e.g., R&D, market research, customers).This stage is often called concept generation because the new product - [Never-Out List](https://marketing-dictionary.org/n/never-out-list/) - Definition: A never-out list includes key items that are listed separately from a model stock plan or basic stock list, or that are especially identified by... - [Net Profit](https://marketing-dictionary.org/n/net-profit/) - Definition: Net profit is a measure of the profitability of a venture after accounting for all costs. It's the revenues less the costs of the activity... - [Negative Keywords](https://marketing-dictionary.org/n/negative-keywords/) - Definition Negative keywords are keywords that are filtered out to prevent ad serves on them. This avoids irrelevant click-through charges (e.g., for products that you do not sell). Microsoft adCenter (now called Bing Ads) has also called them "excluded keywords." Formatting negative keywords varies by search engine; but they are usually designated with a minus - [Net Present Value (NPV)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/n/net-present-value/) - Definition Net present value (NPV) or discounted value measures the value of a stream of future cash flows after accounting for the time value of money. Purpose Net present value—along with payback and internal rate of return—is one of three metrics commonly used to evaluate return on investment over multiple periods. The purpose of the - [N](https://marketing-dictionary.org/n/) - Naked link Name, Image and Likeness (NIL) Name, Image, Likeness and Influence (NILI) Narrow product class National account National account manager National advertising National brand National rate Navigation Near-pack premium Need satisfaction sellingNegative advertising Negative appeal Negative binomial distribution model Negative keyword Neighborhood shopping center Net audience Net present value Net price Net profit Net - [Advertising Message](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/advertising-message/) - An advertising message is the visual and/or auditory information prepared by an advertiser to inform and/or persuade an audience regarding a product or... - [Name, Image and Likeness (NIL)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/n/name-image-and-likeness-nil/) - Definition Name, image and likeness (NIL) are three elements of the right of individuals to control the deployment of their identity and association in commerce (legally known as the “right of publicity”). Collegiate athletes in the United States have gained greater control of the commercial use of these aspects of their identities outside of official - [The Moribund Effect](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/moribund-effect/) - Definition The Moribund Effect results from an established accounting practice by which the value of a brand that is acquired, measured and added to the balance sheet by a company cannot be increased no matter how well the brand might perform after its acquisition. [1, 2] According to the Oxford English Dictionary, moribund can mean - [Distribution](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/distribution/) - Definition: Distribution refers to the act of marketing and carrying products to consumers. It is also used to describe the extent of market coverage for... - [Middleman](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/middleman/) - In retailing, a middleman specializes in performing operations or rendering services directly involved in the purchase and/or sale of goods in the process of... - [Agent](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/agent/) - Definition: Sales – Agent is a person that acts as a representative of a firm or individual. Retailing –Agent is a business unit that negotiates purchases... - [Meta Tag](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/meta-tag/) - Definition Meta tags contain text that describe the components of a webpage. The tag is a section of code that appears in the portion of an html document, which is used to describe the document and its style attributes. It does not appear on the web page itself. [1] - [Merchant](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/merchant/) - Definition: A merchant is a business unit that buys, takes title to, and resells merchandise. A merchant middleman buys goods outright and takes title... - [Merchandise](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/merchandise/) - Merchandise can mean (noun) goods to be bought or sold, or (verb) to promote the sale of goods. It may relate to the promotional activities of manufacturers... - [Mental Availability](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/mental-availability/) - Definition from acumen.sg Mental availability refers to the probability that a buyer will notice, recognize, and/or think of a brand in buying situations. It depends on the quality and quantity of memory structures related to the brand. [1] Mental availability is a conceptual construct which has yet to be quantified with a generally accepted standard - [Media Vehicle](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/media-vehicle/) - Definition: A media vehicle is a TV program, digital media, newspaper, magazine, radio station, outdoor advertising location, etc., employed to carry ads... - [Media on Demand (MOD)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/media-on-demand-mod/) - Definition: Media on Demand (MOD) is a media distribution system that allows users to access video, audio, and other content without a predetermined release... - [Advertising Media ](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/advertising-media/) - Definition Advertising media are the various mass media that can be employed to carry advertising messages to potential audiences or target markets for goods, services, organizations or ideas. These include digital media, print media, direct mail advertising, radio, broadcast television, cable television, outdoor advertising, transit advertising, and specialty advertising. Above-the-line cost is any cost involved in the advertising production process that is specifically listed in the budget. - [Media Equivalency](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/media-equivalency/) - Definition: Media equivalency is an approach to estimating the worth of a media vehicle by calibrating it to other vehicles which have established worth and... - [Media Channel](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/media-channel/) - Definition: A media channel refers to the specific medium by which an advertiser's message is conveyed to its intended audience – newspapers, magazines... - [Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/maslows-hierarchy-of-needs/) - Definition: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a popular theory of human motivation that humans satisfy needs in sequential order beginning with physiological... - [Markup](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/markup/) - Definition: Markup commonly refers to the practice of adding a percentage to costs in order to calculate selling prices. It's not the same as "margin"... - [Marketing Spending](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/marketing-spending/) - Definition: Marketing spending is an organization's total expenditure on marketing activities. This typically includes advertising and non-price promotion... - [Marketing Metric Accountability Protocol (MMAP)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/marketing-metric-accountability-protocol/) - Definition: The Marketing Metric Accountability Protocol is a formal process for connecting marketing activities to the financial performance of the firm... - [Marketing Mix](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/marketing-mix/) - Marketing mix refers to the combination of controllable marketing variables that the firm uses to pursue the desired level of sales in the target market. - [Marketing Metric](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/marketing-metric/) - Definition: A marketing metric is a measuring system that quantifies a trend, dynamic, or characteristic. Often obtained by taking two or more measurements... - [Marketing Measurement](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/marketing-measurement/) - Definition: Marketing measurement is either the act of measuring something, or the data that results from measuring something. A marketing measurement may... - [Marketing Management](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/marketing-management/) - Marketing management is the process of setting marketing goals for an organizatio , the planning and execution of activities to meet these goals and measuring.. - [Marketing Information System (MkIS)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/marketing-information-system/) - Definition: A marketing information system (MkIS) is a set of procedures and methods for the regular, planned collection, analysis and presentation of info... - [Marketing Forecasting Model](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/marketing-forecasting-model/) - Definition: A marketing forecasting model is an analytical technique that represents causal relationships among various conditions and actions taken to... - [Marketing Decision Variables](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/marketing-decision-variables/) - Definition Marketing decision variables correspond to the major marketing functions that influence revenue and profit. They are summarized in the well-known Four P's: product, price, promotion, and place (distribution). Other marketing decision variables may include service policies, credit, and so forth. References American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Marketing Database](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/marketing-database/) - Definition: A marketing database is a compendium of information on current and prospective customers that may include demographic data, psychographic data... - [Marketing Communications (MarCom)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/marketing-communications/) - Definition: Marketing Communications (MarCom) are coordinated promotional messages & related media used to communicate with a market. Messaging is delivered... - [Marketing Analytics](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/marketing-analytics/) - from salespanel.io Definition Marketing analytics involves the discovery and communication of meaningful patterns in data from marketing metrics like traffic, leads, sales, advertising, promotions, web activity, social media, and any other relevant marketing activity or financial data. Marketing analytics can be defined by their use of mathematical distributions, statistical sources, or analytical techniques (e.g., regression) - [Marketing Accountability](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/marketing-accountability/) - Definition: Marketing accountability refers to the use of metrics to link a firm's marketing actions to financially relevant outcomes and growth over time. - [Marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/marketing/) - Definition: Marketing is the activity, set of institutions and processes for creating, communicating, delivering and exchanging offerings that have value for... - [Marketer](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/marketer/) - Marketer in the broadest sense refers to anyone who develops, plans, or executes a marketing plan and/or manages the marketing mix in terms of the 4 Ps... - [Market Share](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/market-share/) - Definition: Market share is the percentage of a market accounted for by a specific entity. Market share rank is the ordinal position of a brand in a market... - [Market Segmentation](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/market-segmentation/) - Definition: Market segmentation is a way of aggregating prospective buyers into groups based on demographics, geography, behavior, or psychographic factors... - [Market Penetration](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/market-penetration/) - Definition: Market is defined as the number of people who buy a specific brand at least once in a given period divided by the size of the market population... - [Creativity](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/creativity/) - Definition: Creativity is making something new, novel, original or divergent from the past that is appropriate or effective for a defined purpose. This can... - [Market](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/market/) - Definition Market refers to all individuals and organizations who are actual or potential customers for a product. Other usages include: a location where exchanges take place the process of seller and buyer interaction, and the value or size of the transactions within a category. See Also Market concentration Market penetration Market position Market segmentation Market - [Markdown](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/markdown/) - Definition Markdown, or the percentage discount from the regular selling price, is a profitability metric for retail products and categories. Purpose The purpose of retail product profitability metrics is to assess the effectiveness and profitability of individual product and category sales. Retailers and distributors have a great deal of choice regarding which products to stock and - [Marginal Utility](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/marginal-utility/) - Definition: Marginal utility is the additional perceived value or satisfaction a consumer attains due to purchasing or consuming one additional unit of product. - [Margin](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/margin/) - Definition Margin (on sales) is the difference between selling price and cost. This difference is typically expressed either as a percentage of selling price or on a per-unit basis. Managers need to know margins for almost all marketing decisions. Margins represent a key factor in pricing, return on marketing spending, earnings forecasts, and analyses of - [Manufacturer's Agent](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/manufacturers-agent/) - Definition A manufacturer's agent is an independent business person who is paid a commission to sell a manufacturer's goods or services but does not take title to the products. [1] References American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Make-Good](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/make-good/) - Definition: Make-good refers to the rescheduling of an ad or commercial by an advertising media operator when it has been incorrectly printed, broadcast, or... - [Health Care Marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/h/health-care-marketing/) - Health care marketing is designed to influence the behavior of target audiences in which the benefits would accrue to the target's physical or mental health. - [Macromarketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/macromarketing/) - Definition: Macromarketing has been defined by scholars as the study of marketing processes, activities, institutions, and results from a broad perspective... - [Machine Learning (ML)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/machine-learning/) - Definition: Machine learning is a subset of AI. A hallmark is its ability to learn important features of the data on which to base predictions or decisions... - [Loss Leader](https://marketing-dictionary.org/l/loss-leader/) - Definition A loss leader is an item that is sold at a "loss" of markup that would normally be obtained on the particular item, for the express purpose of increasing store traffic. Loss-leader pricing is the featuring of items priced below cost or at relatively low prices to attract customers. See Also Competition Pricing strategy References American - [Logo](https://marketing-dictionary.org/l/logo/) - Definition: A logo is a graphic design used as a continuing symbol for a company, organization or brand, often in the form of an adaptation of the company name. - [Line Extension](https://marketing-dictionary.org/l/line-extension/) - Definition: A line extension is a new product marketed by an organization that already has at least one other product being sold in that product/market area... - [Licensing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/l/licensing/) - Definition In strategic marketing, licensing is an arrangement in which a licensee is given the right to use a process, trademark, patent, or other proprietary item for a fee or royalty. It's a relatively simple, low risk linkage that allows a manufacturer to "enter" new markets. In global marketing, licensing is an agreement between two companies in which the - [Leverage](https://marketing-dictionary.org/l/leverage/) - Definition: In marketing, leverage is any strategic or tactical advantage used for brand growth. Optionality is one example of marketing leverage. - [Comparative Advantage](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/comparative-advantage/) - Definition: Comparative advantage is a theory that a country can gain from trade even if it has an absolute disadvantage in the production of all goods, or... - [Lead Users](https://marketing-dictionary.org/l/lead-users/) - Definition: In product development, lead users are a small group of potential product users who need new products before the general market recognizes the need. - [Layout](https://marketing-dictionary.org/l/layout/) - Definition: Layout refers to the format of a visual communication that indicates where the component parts (artwork, body copy, headline) are to be placed... - [Advertising Agency](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/advertising-agency/) - Definition: An advertising agency is an organization that provides a variety of marketing communications services to clients seeking assistance in marketing... - [Law of Effect](https://marketing-dictionary.org/l/law-of-effect/) - Definition The Law of Effect (also known as reinforcement) states that the consumer's probability of repeating purchase of a brand would increase if he/she were satisfied with the purchase and decrease if dissatisfied. Note: Law of Effect is a technical term from learning theory in psychology often credited to Edward Thorndike. Of the several responses - [Law of Diminishing Returns](https://marketing-dictionary.org/l/law-of-diminishing-returns/) - The Law of Diminishing Returns is an economic concept which states that after a certain point has been reached, each successive application of a factor of... - [Imperfect Competition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/i/imperfect-competition/) - Definition Imperfect competition exists when there are many sellers, each of whom has a relatively small market share, offering dissimilar goods. Firms have some control—but not necessarily absolute control—over price, through such techniques as differentiating products and limiting supply. There are several types of imperfect competition: Monopoly has dual definitions: (Environments) A market situation where one firm - [Competition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/competition/) - Definition Competition refers to the rivalry among sellers trying to achieve such goals as increasing profits, market share, and sales volume by varying the elements of the marketing mix: price, product, distribution, and promotion. It is the process of vying for customers by the pursuit of differential advantage, i.e., changing to better meet consumer wants - [Latent Semantic Indexing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/l/latent-semantic-indexing/) - Definition: Latent Semantic Indexing uses word associations to help search engines know what a webpage is about. LSI helps classify and retrieve information... - [Landing Page](https://marketing-dictionary.org/l/landing-page/) - Definition: A landing page is the web page a searcher arrives at after clicking on an ad. Landing page actions determine advertisers' conversion rate success. - [Laddering](https://marketing-dictionary.org/l/laddering/) - Definition: Laddering is a marketing research technique for discovering the associations consumers have between specific product attributes and more general... - [Label](https://marketing-dictionary.org/l/label/) - Definition: A label is attached to or printed directly on a good for the purpose of naming it and describing its use, dangers, ingredients, manufacturer... - [Knowledge](https://marketing-dictionary.org/k/knowledge/) - Definition In marketing, knowledge refers to consumers' meanings or beliefs about products, brands, stores, etc., that are stored in memory. [1] In marketing research, brand or product knowledge is defined as the percentage of surveyed customers who demonstrate specific knowledge of beliefs about a brand or product. [2] A knowledge function of attitudes serves the individual in - [Keyword](https://marketing-dictionary.org/k/keyword/) - Definition: A keyword or keyword phrase is a specific word or combination of words that a searcher might use in a search query. Included are generic... - [Key Performance Indicator (KPI)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/k/key-performance-indicator/) - Definition: A key performance indicator is a marketing metric that reflects what is important to the organization and is used to monitor the performance of a business, bra - [Keiretsu](https://marketing-dictionary.org/k/keiretsu/) - Definition: Keiretsu is a Japanese term for an interbusiness alliance or enterprise group. Translated literally, it means headless combine. Organizations link.. - [J](https://marketing-dictionary.org/j/) - Jingle, JIT inventory, Job lot, Jobber, Judgment sample, Junket, Jury of executive opinion, Jury of expert opinion, Just-In-Time inventory... - [Jingle](https://marketing-dictionary.org/j/jingle/) - Definition A jingle is a short piece of music that is an integral part of the message in a television or radio commercial, generally including the advertising theme or slogan. [1][2] from thinkfives.com References Govoni, Norman A.P. Dictionary of Marketing Communications, SAGE Publications. Doyle, Charles. A Dictionary of Marketing (Oxford Quick Reference). - [Investment strategy](https://marketing-dictionary.org/i/investment-strategy/) - Definition: An investment strategy specifies the requirements for funds to achieve competitive advantage, the outcomes expected from allocation of the funds... - [Internet](https://marketing-dictionary.org/i/internet/) - Definition: Internet describes a global network of computers used to transmit information. It was originally developed by the U.S. military as a backup system. - [Internal Rate of Return (IRR)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/i/internal-rate-of-return/) - Definition: Internal rate of return (IRR) is the percentage return made on the investment over a period of time; it is the discount rate at which the net... - [Integration](https://marketing-dictionary.org/i/integration/) - Definition: Integration refers to the acquisition or development of businesses related to the company's current businesses to increase sales and/or profit... - [Innovation](https://marketing-dictionary.org/i/innovation/) - Definition: Innovation can refer to something new or to a change made to an existing product, idea or field. Innovators are the first to adopt a new product... - [Influencer](https://marketing-dictionary.org/i/influencer/) - Definition An influencer is someone who has impact on the decisions of others. TikTok influencer Wendy Guevara had 4.6M followers in 2024. (rollingstone.com) In marketing there are three types of influencers: [1] Influencer (buying role): a person whose views influence other members of the buying center in making a purchase decision. Influencer (topical): a person - [Industrial Products](https://marketing-dictionary.org/i/industrial-products/) - Definition: Industrial products are goods that are destined to be sold primarily for use in producing other goods or rendering services as contrasted with... - [Index of Consumer Sentiment (ICS)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/i/ics/) - from economicgreenfield.com Definition The Index of Consumer Sentiment (ICS) — or economic well-being — was developed at the University of Michigan Survey Research Center to measure the confidence or optimism (pessimism) of consumers in their future well-being and coming economic conditions. The index measures short- and long-term expectations of business conditions and the individual's perceived - [Incrementality](https://marketing-dictionary.org/i/incrementality/) - Definition: Incrementality is defined as a measure of supplemental business resulting from a marketing tactic or set of marketing tactics which would not... - [Inclusive Marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/i/inclusive-marketing/) - Inclusive marketing (or diversity marketing) refers to strategies, tactics and technologies that have a goal to create a sense of welcoming and belonging... - [Inbound Marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/i/inbound-marketing/) - Definition from umamimarketing.com Inbound marketing is marketing in which customers initiate contact with the marketer in response to various methods used to gain their attention. These methods include email marketing, event marketing, content marketing and web design. One purpose of inbound marketing is to establish the business as a source for valuable information and solutions - [In-Store Advertising](https://marketing-dictionary.org/i/in-store-advertising/) - Definition In-store advertising refers to any advertising media found inside a store which sells that merchandise. - [Impulse Purchase](https://marketing-dictionary.org/i/impulse-purchase/) - Definition: Impulse purchasing is a purchase behavior assumed to be made without prior planning or thought. Often, it is claimed, impulse buying involves an... - [Import Tariff](https://marketing-dictionary.org/i/import-tariff/) - Definition: Import tariffs refer to the system of duties applied to goods and services from foreign countries. It may be a single rate of duty for each item... - [Image](https://marketing-dictionary.org/i/image/) - Definition An image is a visual representation of an object, activity or concept, such as those used in advertising. [1] In marketing, image is the consumer perception of a product, institution, brand, business, or person, which may or may not correspond with reality. [2] Image advertising can be understood as a form of native advertising - [Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/h/http/) - Definition: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is used to load webpages using hypertext links. HTTP is an application layer protocol designed to transfer... - [HTML](https://marketing-dictionary.org/marketing-acronyms/html/) - Definition: HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is used to identify web documents (websites). Hypertext allows document text to be "linked" to another file... - [Hierarchy of Effects Model](https://marketing-dictionary.org/h/hierarchy-of-effects-model/) - The Hierarchy of Effects model is based on the premise that advertising moves consumers systematically through a series of psychological purchasing stages... - [Herfindahl Index](https://marketing-dictionary.org/h/herfindahl-index/) - Definition The Herfindahl Index is a market concentration metric derived by adding the squares of the individual market shares of all the players in a market. As a sum of squares, this index tends to rise in markets dominated by large players. [1] Also called the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI,) this common measure of market concentration is - [Heavy Usage Index](https://marketing-dictionary.org/h/heavy-usage-index/) - Definition The heavy usage index, or weight index, is a measure of the relative intensity of consumption. It indicates how heavily the customers for a given brand use the product category to which that brand belongs, compared with the average customer for that category. The heavy usage index yields insight into the source of volume - [Hard Sell](https://marketing-dictionary.org/h/hard-sell/) - Definition High-pressure selling (or hard sell) is an approach in which the salesperson attempts to control the sales interaction and pressure the customer to make a purchase. [1] It may also refer to an advertising style that is aggressive, forceful, and to-the-point in its attempt to influence the brand's audience. [2] References American Marketing Association, - [Halo Effect](https://marketing-dictionary.org/h/halo-effect/) - Definition: In brand marketing, the halo effect is a phenomenon which occurs when the perceived positive features of a particular product extend across... - [Habitual Buying Behavior](https://marketing-dictionary.org/h/habitual-buying-behavior/) - Definition A habit is a learned response to a stimulus that has become automatic and routine, requiring little or no cognitive effort. Habit formation is the process of learning a specific behavior often requiring practice or rehearsal of the response. There is considerable controversy, however, on just how much repetition or how many trials are necessary for learning - [Guerilla Marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/g/guerilla-marketing/) - Definition: Guerilla marketing describes an unconventional and creative marketing strategy intended to get maximum results from minimal resources. It's often... - [Gross Rating Point (GRP)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/g/gross-rating-point/) - Definition Gross rating point (GRP) is a term used in advertising to measure the size of an audience (or total amount of exposures) reached by a specific media vehicle or schedule during a specific period of time. It is expressed in terms of the rating of a specific media vehicle (if only one is being - [Gross Profit](https://marketing-dictionary.org/g/gross-profit/) - Definition: Gross profit is the difference between the purchase price of an item and the sale price. It assesses efficiency in using labor and supplies to... - [Gross Margin Return On Inventory Investment (GMROII)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/g/gmroii/) - Gross margin return on inventory investment (GMROII) is a profitability metric for retail products and categories calculated as margin divided by the average... - [Green River Ordinance](https://marketing-dictionary.org/g/green-river-ordinance/) - Definition: A Green River ordinance is a municipal ordinance regulating or forbidding door-to-door sales, canvassing or solicitation. It is named for Green... - [Green Marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/g/green-marketing/) - Definition from theenvironmentalblog.org Green marketing is the practice of actively associating a product offering with ideas relevant to environmental sustainability. This can be distinguished from sustainability marketing in that it is more narrowly focused on benefits to the environment. Greenwashing is the act of misleading others into believing that a product offering is more sustainable - [Government Market](https://marketing-dictionary.org/g/government-market/) - Definition A government market is one which includes purchases by governmental units—federal, state, and local—that procure or rent goods and services in carrying out the main functions of the government. In the United States, the federal government accounts for almost 40 percent of the total spent by all levels of government, making it the nation's - [Goods-Dominant Logic](https://marketing-dictionary.org/g/goods-dominant-logic/) - Definition: Goods-Dominant Logic is a strategic framework in which the purpose of economic activity is viewed as making and distributing units of output... - [Geographical Indication](https://marketing-dictionary.org/g/geographical-indication/) - A geographical indication is a mark that identifies a good or service as originating in the territory of a country, or a region or locality in that territory... - [Generative AI](https://marketing-dictionary.org/g/generative-ai/) - Definition: Generative AI refers to the broad category of artificial intelligence (AI) that is meant to generate something new based on preexisting materials and user-defined parameters... - [General Sales Manager](https://marketing-dictionary.org/g/general-sales-manager/) - Definition A general sales manager has overall responsibility for corporate, group, or division sales. Sales management at this level is concerned with developing sales policies, strategies, and plans that support the overall marketing plan. In a small company the general sales manager may supervise all salespeople directly. As the number of salespeople increases, however, supervision - [Gamma Distribution](https://marketing-dictionary.org/g/gamma-distribution/) - Definition: A gamma distribution is a probability mixture model which is used to mathematically describe the frequency and timing of product purchases. - [Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/f/frequently-asked-questions/) - Definition FAQ is a commonly used abbreviation for "Frequently Asked Questions." Most websites will have an FAQ page to explain what is included and how to use the site's features. References American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Frequency](https://marketing-dictionary.org/f/frequency/) - Definition: Frequency measures the average number of exposures received by the portion of the defined population that was “reached” being assessed... - [Freight](https://marketing-dictionary.org/f/freight/) - Definition: Freight refers to either the sending of goods or the goods themselves. It can also mean the charge for sending goods. You pay freight for... - [Financial Value of Brand (FVB)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/f/financial-value-of-brand-fvb/) - Definition: The financial value of a brand (FVB) refers to an assessment of a brand's total monetary worth at a given moment in time... - [Fashion](https://marketing-dictionary.org/f/fashion/) - Definition: Fashion is an accepted and popular style. Fashion products are items that are wanted by consumers for their fashion aspects. Fashion coordination... - [Family](https://marketing-dictionary.org/f/family/) - Definition Family Tree Diagram (from miro.com) In marketing, a family is defined as a group of at least two people in a household based on marriage, cohabitation, blood relationships or adoption. By contrast, a household is composed of one or more people who occupy a single housing unit. Family decision making encompasses the processes, interactions, and - [Fair Market Value](https://marketing-dictionary.org/f/fair-market-value/) - Definition Fair market value is the price at which a product would change hands between a willing buyer and a willing seller. The American Institute of CPAs (AICPA) defines the term as "the price, expressed in terms of cash equivalents, at which property would change hands between a hypothetical willing and able buyer and a hypothetical - [Fad](https://marketing-dictionary.org/f/fad/) - Definition "Stress-relieving" fidget spinners were a huge fad circa 2017. A fad refers to a product whose popularity is intense but temporary. (e.g., a unique doll based on a currently popular movie franchise) A fad comes in fast, receives much attention and publicity, and goes out fast. The time period is highly variable, and a - [Extensive Problem Solving](https://marketing-dictionary.org/e/extensive-problem-solving/) - Definition: Extensive problem solving includes those consumer decisions requiring cognitive activity, thought and behavioral effort as compared to routinized... - [Exposure](https://marketing-dictionary.org/e/exposure/) - Definition: An exposure is "any opportunity for a reader, viewer, or listener to see and/or hear an advertising message in a particular media vehicle." - [Expert Systems](https://marketing-dictionary.org/e/expert-systems/) - Definition In modeling, expert systems are interactive computer systems that, by applying a variety of knowledge elements (e.g., facts, rules, models) within a specified domain, can solve a problem with an expertise comparable to that of an acknowledged human expert. As part of the developments in artificial intelligence, expert systems have been developed in various - [Experience Curve Effect](https://marketing-dictionary.org/e/experience-curve-effect/) - Definition: The experience curve effect refers to the systematic decline in the cost per unit that is achieved as the cumulative volume increases. - [Entertainment Identifier Registry (EIDR)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/e/eidr/) - Definition Entertainment Identifier Registry (EIDR) is "a universal unique identifier system for movie and television assets. It’s similar to the UPC code of the packaged goods industry in that it generates a unique identifying code for each asset. from screenrights.org From top level titles, edits, and DVDs, to encodings, clips and mash-ups, EIDR provides global - [Engagement](https://marketing-dictionary.org/e/engagement/) - Definition: Engagement is a general term for measures of the rate of audience interaction with media content as exhibited through various actions. For social... - [Endorsement](https://marketing-dictionary.org/e/endorsement/) - Actor Brad Pitt endorsing a men's cologne brand. Definition A product endorsement is the overt and explicit support for goods or services in advertisements, usually from an individual or organization (e.g. a celebrity, an expert, an authority figure or a consumer) speaking about the brand on behalf of the marketer. See Also Advertising message Sponsorship References Doyle, - [Embargo](https://marketing-dictionary.org/e/embargo/) - Definition Travel bans were common during the Covid-19 pandemic. An embargo refers to the prohibition of shipment of goods or services to designated countries. [1] An embargo is a trade restriction, typically adopted by a government, a group of countries, or an international organization as an economic sanction. Embargoes can bar all trade, or may apply - [Email](https://marketing-dictionary.org/e/email/) - from thebrandhopper.com Definition Email is an online communication format that involves sending digital messages (emails) from an author to one or more recipients across the internet or other computer networks. [1] An email address is an electronic “mailbox” to which email is delivered via the internet or other computer network. [2] Email marketing is simply "marketing - [Elasticity](https://marketing-dictionary.org/e/elasticity/) - Elasticity is the ratio of the proportional change in one variable to the proportional change in another. Economists use elasticities to summarize virtually all the quantitative impacts that are of interest to them. [1] Elasticities allow comparisons across different contexts (e.g. regions or types of goods). They can be calculated either for a point or - [Eighty-Twenty Principle](https://marketing-dictionary.org/e/eighty-twenty-principle/) - Definition: The 80/20 Rule describes a situation in which a small number of customers generate a disproportionately large amount of a firm's sales or profits. - [Effective Reach](https://marketing-dictionary.org/e/effective-reach/) - from paologaloppo.com Definition Effective reach is defined as the number of people or the percentage of the audience that receives an advertising message with a frequency equal to or greater than the effective frequency. That is, effective reach is the population receiving the "minimum" effective exposure to an advertisement or campaign. Purpose The purpose of - [Effective Frequency](https://marketing-dictionary.org/e/effective-frequency/) - Effective frequency is the number of times a certain advertisement must be exposed to a particular individual in a given period to produce a desired response. - [E](https://marketing-dictionary.org/e/) - e-business, e-commerce, Early adopter, Early majority, Early markdown, Ecolabel, Ecolabelling, Economic and technical position, Economic profit, Economic shoppers... - [Customer](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/customer/) - Definition: A customer is an individual, household or organization that buys a product. A customer of services is referred to as a client... - [Economic Profit](https://marketing-dictionary.org/e/economic-profit/) - Definition Economic profit is a measure of net operating profit after tax (NOPAT), adjusted for cost of capital. Unlike percentage measures of return (e.g., ROS or ROI), economic profit is a dollar metric. It reflects not only the "rate" of profitability but also the size of the business (sales and assets). Note: This metric has - [Ecolabelling](https://marketing-dictionary.org/e/ecolabelling/) - Definition: Ecolabelling is a voluntary method of environmental performance certification and labelling practiced around the world. It identifies products... - [eSports Marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/e/esports-marketing/) - Corporate sponsors engaged in eSports marketing. Definition eSports marketing is the promotion of a product through eSports , organized sport competition... - [eCommerce](https://marketing-dictionary.org/e/ecommerce/) - Definition: eCommerce or e-commerce (electronic commerce) and e-business (electronic business) refer to a wide variety of Internet-based business models... - [Downloads](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/downloads/) - A down-pointing arrow is the symbol for "Download File." Definition Downloads refer to digital files or data that are transferred from one device to another. Monitoring downloads is a way of tracking engagement. Downloads reflect the success of organizations at getting their application, files, or other data distributed to users. Purpose The purpose of the - [Distribution Metrics ](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/distribution-metrics/) - Definition Distribution metrics quantify the availability of products sold through retailers—usually as a percentage of all potential outlets—and reveal a brand’s percentage of market access. Popular measures of distribution coverage include: Numeric distribution All commodity volume (ACV) distribution Product category volume (PCV) distribution Total distribution Distribution velocity Store versus Brand Measures Marketers often refer to - [Disruptive Innovation](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/disruptive-innovation/) - Definition: Disruptive innovation describes a process by which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and... - [Discount rate](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/discount-rate/) - Definition: The discount rate is the interest rate used in discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis to determine the present value of future cash flows... - [Direct Selling](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/direct-selling/) - Definition: Direct selling is a direct marketing approach that involves direct sales of goods and services to consumers through personal explanation and... - [Direct Response Advertising](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/direct-response-advertising/) - Definition Direct response advertising is an approach to the advertising message that includes a method of response such as an address, telephone number, or interactive television screen, whereby members of the audience can respond directly to the advertiser in order to purchase a product offered. Direct response advertising can be conveyed to members of a - [Direct Marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/direct-marketing/) - Definition: Direct marketing is a form of non-store retailing in which customers are exposed to merchandise through an impersonal medium and then purchase... - [Direct Product Profitability (DPP)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/direct-product-profitability/) - Definition Direct product profitability (DPP) is a profitability metric for retail products and categories (SKU profitability). In measuring DPP, retailers factor in such line items as storage, handling, and manufacturer's allowances, warranties, and financing plans into calculations of earnings on specific product sales. DPP is a theoretically powerful measure of profit that has fallen out - [Digital Media](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/digital-media/) - Definition: Digital media includes any online or digital means of transmitting marketing communications. Digital media includes websites, social networking.. - [Diffusion Model](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/diffusion-model/) - Definition: Diffusion model (or imitation effect) represents the spread of something through a population. Diffusion models in marketing often are applied... - [Demand-Side Platform (DSP)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/demand-side-platform/) - Demand-side platform (DSP) is a piece of software used to purchase advertising in an automated fashion. DSPs are most often used by advertisers and... - [Delphi Technique](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/delphi-technique/) - Definition: The Delphi Technique is frequently used in futures research to obtain the consensus opinion of a group of experts about likely future developments. - [Discount](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/discount/) - Definition Discount refers to a price reduction offered by a seller to a buyer. [1] A cash discount is a discount offered to customers for prompt payment of invoices. It's often referred to as a sales discount by the seller and a purchase discount by the buyer. [1] Anticipation is a discount in addition to the cash discount if a bill is paid - [Decision Support System](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/decision-support-system/) - Definition: A decision support system is a coordinated collection of data, system tools, and techniques with supporting software and hardware by which an... - [Dealer Listing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/dealer-listing/) - Definition: A dealer listing is that part of a manufacturer's advertisement or commercial that lists local retailers who carry the advertised product... - [Deal](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/deal/) - Definition: A deal is an inducement such as a price reduction, free goods offer, or other special offering made by a seller to a channel member or the... - [Dating](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/dating/) - Definition In sales promotion, dating is a type of trade promotion in which the retailer is allowed to buy a certain amount of product from the manufacturer and then pay for that product over a prolonged period of time. In retailing, dating refers to the dates in which discounts can be taken or the full - [Data Management Platform (DMP)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/data-management-platform/) - Definition At its most simple, a data management platform (DMP) is "a piece of software that sucks up, sorts and houses information, and spits it out in a way that’s useful for marketers, publishers and other businesses." [1] iab (Interactive Advertising Bureau) explains: "Publishers and marketers are aggregating more data, from more sources, than ever - [Cyber Monday](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/cyber-monday/) - Definition Cyber Monday refers to the Monday after Thanksgiving in the U.S., which is marked by special holiday promotions by online retailers, originally in response to the success of Black Friday. [1] The term was coined by Ellen Davis of the National Retail Federation and Scott Silverman, debuting Nov. 28, 2005, in a Shop.org press release entitled, "'Cyber - [Customer Satisfaction](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/customer-satisfaction/) - Definition Customer satisfaction measures customers' perceived satisfaction with their experience of a firm's offerings. It is generally based on survey data and expressed as a rating. This metric quantifies an important dynamic. When a brand has loyal customers, it gains positive word-of-mouth marketing, which is both free and highly effective. In a survey of nearly 200 - [Customer Profit (CP)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/customer-profit/) - Definition: Customer profit (CP) is made from serving a customer over a specified period of time. Calculating it is an important first step in understanding... - [Customer Lifetime Value](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/customer-lifetime-value/) - Definition Actual value is the customer’s current and future value if the current level of business is maintained over time. This dimension of value includes revenue, but also elements such as how engaged the customer is in the business, communications, and referrals. [1] Customer lifetime value (CLV), lifetime customer value (LCV), or user lifetime value (LTV) - [Coupon](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/coupon/) - Definition: A coupon is a printed certificate entitling the bearer to a stated price reduction or special value on a specific product, generally for... - [Contract](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/contract/) - Definition A contract is an agreement between two or more persons that creates an obligation to do or not to do a particular thing. Its essentials are competent parties, subject matter, legal consideration, mutuality of agreement, and mutuality of obligation. A counterpurchase (also know as a parallel barter or parallel trading) is a transaction in - [Cost-Oriented Strategy](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/cost-oriented-strategy/) - Definition: Cost-oriented strategy is an approach to improving performance by reducing the costs per unit. The cost advantage can be used to improve profit... - [Cost Per Thousand (CPT)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/cost-per-thousand/) - Definition Cost per thousand (CPT) or cost per mille (CPM) impressions is a "simple and widely used method of comparing the cost effectiveness of two or more alternative media vehicles. It is the cost of using the media vehicle to reach 1,000 people or households. The CPM of any vehicle is computed by dividing the cost of - [Cost Per Rating Point](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/cost-per-rating-point/) - Definition Cost per rating point (CRP or CPRP) or cost per point (CPP) is a method of comparing the cost effectiveness of two or more alternative media vehicles in radio or television. [1] It's the cost of an advertising campaign, relative to the rating points delivered. Similar to CPM (cost per thousand impressions), cost per - [Cost Per Order](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/cost-per-order/) - Definition Cost per order, also called cost per purchase, is the cost to generate an order – the cost of Internet advertising divided by the number of orders placed. Cost per order, along with cost per impression and cost per click, is the starting point for assessing the effectiveness of a company's internet advertising and - [Cost Per Impression](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/cost-per-impression/) - Definition: Cost per impression is an Internet advertising metric which defines cost according to the number of impressions made. It's used to assess cost... - [Cost Per Click (CPC)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/cost-per-click/) - Definition: Cost per click (CPC) is an internet advertising metric which can be defined simply as the amount spent to get an advertisement clicked. It's used... - [Cost of Merchandise Sold](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/cost-of-merchandise-sold/) - Definition: Gross cost of merchandise handled is the cost value of the opening inventory plus purchases and additions at billed cost... - [Costs](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/costs/) - Definition: Variable costs are expenses that change in proportion to the activity of a business, and can be aggregated into a total or expressed per unit... - [Brand](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/brand/) - Definition: A brand is a name, term, design, symbol or any other feature that identifies one seller's good or service as distinct from those of other sellers... - [Corporate Brand](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/corporate-brand/) - Definition A corporate brand is a corporate name used as a brand for goods and services. Often it is used as a form of "family branding" for a line of goods or services. A secondary usage also has emerged – the corporate name used as identifier or symbol for the broad essence of the organization - [Copy Testing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/copy-testing/) - Copy testing is a specialized field of marketing research that determines an ad’s effectiveness based on consumer responses, feedback, and behavior.... - [Conversion](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/conversion/) - Definition: A conversion is a desired action taken after exposure. Often, perhaps ideally, a conversion is a sale. Time to conversion is the delay between... - [Contextual Advertising](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/contextual-advertising/) - Definition: Contextual advertising is advertising that is automatically served or placed on a web page based on the page's content, keywords, and phrases... - [Contest](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/contest/) - McDonald's Monopoly game promotion ran worldwide for decades. Definition A contest or game is a marketing or consumer sales promotion technique that involves collection, matching, or use of skill to complete a project or activity with the goal of a prize or reward for the player. A sweepstakes is a marketing or consumer sales promotion which involves the offering of prizes - [Consumer Off-Take](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/consumer-off-take/) - Definition: Consumer off-take refers to purchases by consumers from retailers, as opposed to purchases by retailers or wholesalers from their suppliers.... - [Consumer](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/consumer/) - Definition: Traditionally, a consumer is the ultimate user of goods, ideas, and services. However, it also implies the buyer or decision maker as well as the... - [Conspicuous Consumption](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/conspicuous-consumption/) - Definition: Conspicuous consumption is consumption for the sake of displaying to others wealth, power, or prestige. Usually it is applied to expensive or... - [Comparison Shopping](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/comparison-shopping/) - Definition Comparison shopping includes two major types of activity, merchandise shopping and service shopping: Merchandise shopping activities rendered by an organized shopping bureau includes checks of new items being offered by competing stores, reports on advertised promotions of competitors, comparison price shopping, etc. Service shopping is normally performed by shoppers who pose as customers and - [Collaborative Agreement](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/collaborative-agreement/) - Definition: A collaborative agreement is a cooperation strategy between companies to jointly pursue a common goal. Also referred to as a strategic alliance... - [Cognitive Processes](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/cognitive-processes/) - Definition: Cognitive processes are mental activities by which external information in the environment is transformed into meanings or patterns of thought... - [Co-Creation](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/co-creation/) - Definition: Co-creation, in the context of a business, refers to a product design or development process in which input from customers plays a central role... - [Click-Through Rate (CTR)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/clickthrough-rate/) - Definition: Clickthrough measures the number of users who clicked on a specific internet advertisement or other hyperlink. Click-through rate (CTR) is a way... - [Clickbait](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/clickbait/) - Definition: Click-baiting content or clickbait refers to text or images that are designed to gain attention and entice users to "click" through a link... - [Click](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/click/) - Definition: Click is the action (and sound) made with a computer's mouse to select an item onscreen. It is also a verb: to click is to activate the mouse to... - [Choice Criteria](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/choice-criteria/) - Definition Choice involves evaluating alternative actions or behaviors and forming a behavioral intention or plan to engage in the selected behavior. Choice is the outcome of purchase decision making. Choice criteria are the specific attributes or consequences used by consumers to evaluate and choose from a set of alternatives. Choice rule describes the method by which an - [Cherry Picking](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/cherry-picking/) - Definition: Cherry picking refers to a buyer selecting only a few items from one vendor's line and others from another line, failing to purchase a complete... - [Channel Margin](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/channel-margin/) - Definition: Channel margin is the difference between the price paid by the buyer and the cost to the seller at that point in the distribution channel. It can... - [Channel Functions](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/channel-functions/) - Channel flows refer to the marketing functions performed by channel members within the channel. Eight universal channel flows have been identified: physical possession ownership promotion negotiation financing risking ordering payment Channel specialization refers to the channel members‘ choice of unique positions in the channel based on their capacities, interests, goals, expectations, values, and frames of references. Hence, each performs - [Certification Mark](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/certification-mark/) - Examples of certification marks (from rockridgelaw.com) Definition A certification mark is a sign or symbol that identifies and guarantees the origin or quality of a particular product. The owner may permit another party to use the mark in commerce. See Also Trademark References Govoni, N.A. Dictionary of Marketing Communications, Sage Publications. (2004) - [Central Place Theory](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/central-place-theory/) - Definition: Central Place Theory is a model that ranks communities according to the assortment of products available in each. At the bottom of the hierarchy... - [Causal Metric](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/causal-metric/) - Definition: In a causal relationship, one event has been proven to be the result of another. This is also referred to as cause and effect. A correlation... - [Category Development Index (CDI)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/category-development-index/) - A Category Development Index (CDI) measures the sales performance of a category of goods or services within a specific group, compared with its average... - [Category](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/category/) - Definition: A product category is a logical grouping of similar goods or services with common functions, features or intended uses. A category manager reports.. - [Catalog](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/catalog/) - Definition: A catalog is a digital or print publication with descriptions or details of products used to increase mail order sales, phone sales, and traffic... - [Cash Flow](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/cash-flow/) - Definition: Cash flows are the monies received and paid out that are associated with a project per period, the movement of cash into and out of the business. - [Capital Goods](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/capital-goods/) - Definition Capital goods are the instruments of production that make up an organization's plant and operating capacity. Capital consumption allowance (CCA) is the sum of depreciation on major capital goods plus capital goods destroyed or damaged plus depreciation on minor capital goods. Capital intensive refers to a product or an industry in which plant and equipment requirements are large - [Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/capital-asset-pricing-model/) - Definition: Capital asset pricing model ( CAPM ) is a theory that states that the expected return on any asset or security is given by a formula... - [Capacity Requirements Planning (CRP)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/capacity-requirements-planning/) - Definition Capacity requirements planning (CRP) is the evaluation of planned production to determine if it can be accomplished within the capacity limitations of manufacturing facilities. A capacity load projection is completed for each item in the master production schedule. The calculated load requirement is compared to available capacity, thus determining underutilization or overutilization of facilities. - [Cannibalization](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/cannibalization/) - Definition Cannibalization is the reduction in sales (units or dollars) of a firm’s existing products due to competition from other products from the same firm in the same category. One common type of cannibalization results from the introduction of a new product by the same firm. [1] Cannibalization is something a firm can only do - [Calibrated Metric](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/calibrated-metric/) - Definition A calibrated metric is one that is scaled (or scored) to be meaningful across a specified context such as a set of conditions, products, markets, or cultures. [1] Some metrics – like foot traffic – do not need further calibration. Others require a calibration exercise to standardize their meaning across conditions. Examples of metrics - [Buying Roles](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/buying-roles/) - Definition: Buying roles refer to the activities that one or more person(s) might perform in a buying decision. Six buying roles can be distinguished... - [Brand Valuation](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/brand-valuation/) - Definition: Brand valuation refers to the estimation of the monetary value of a brand in a transaction whether it is internal or a purchase, sale or licensing.. - [Buyer Behavior](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/buyer-behavior/) - Definition Buyer behavior is a term often used as an alternative to consumer behavior, but also is used when the purchaser is not the ultimate consumer but rather an industrial buyer, a buying center, or another middleman between the seller and the ultimate user. It is defined by some as the more general term, with consumer - [Brick and Mortar](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/brick-and-mortar/) - Definition: Brick-and-mortar refers to businesses that have physical (rather than virtual or online) presences—in other words, stores built of physical material... - [Break-Even Number of Employees](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/break-even-number-of-employees/) - Definition On the basis of a given value for projected sales, managers can determine the break-even number of employees for a firm as follows: [1] Break-even number of employees (#) = {Sales ($) x [Margin (%) - Commission (%)]} ÷ {Salary ($) + Expenses ($) + Bonus ($)} See Also Sales force compensation References Farris, Paul - [Brand Value](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/brand-value/) - Definition Brand value refers to the price (premium) a consumer is willing to pay for a specific brand, over and above a baseline. For example, "when people are asked in brand value surveys to place a monetary value on a car (the same car is used in the photographs but different badges are superimposed on - [Brand Safety](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/brand-safety/) - Brand safety refers to the set of proactive policies and actions that companies employ with the objective of protecting the image and reputation of brands... - [Brand Purpose](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/brand-purpose/) - Definition Brand purpose is a statement that sets out how brand management intends to achieve social impact through brand-related actions. It generally includes specific societal causes that will be supported both through its day-to-day operations, non-business special events and lobbying efforts. [1] See Also Brand imageBrand knowledge References Common Language in Marketing Project, 2020. - [Brand Preference](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/brand-preference/) - Definition: Brand preference or brand choice represents which branded product is preferred under specified conditions of price and availability. Measures of... - [Brand Name](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/brand-name/) - Definition: The brand name is that part of a brand that can be spoken. It includes letters, numbers, or words. The brand mark is that part of a brand that... - [Brand Loyalty](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/brand-loyalty/) - Definition Brand loyalty is a situation in which a consumer generally buys the same manufacturer-originated goods or services repeatedly over time rather than buying from multiple suppliers within the category. Brand loyalty is the degree to which a consumer consistently purchases the same brand within a product class. References American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Brand Image](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/brand-image/) - Definition from designroom.com Brand image is the perception of a brand in the minds of persons. It's what people believe about a brand – their thoughts, feelings and expectations. [1] Brand personality refers to the psychological nature of a particular brand as intended by its sellers, though persons in the marketplace may see the brand otherwise (brand - [Brand Evaluation](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/brand-evaluation/) - Definition: Brand evaluation refers to the measurement of the value of a brand using relevant indicators that assess the impact of the brand on customers/users. - [Brand Divorce](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/brand-divorce/) - Definition Brand divorce is a colloquial marketing term that describes a relatively permanent loss of customer brand preference by a product. A brand divorce differs from a brand boycott which is a form of protest that includes issued demands to be met by the brand, product, or company and may or may not be short - [Brand Differentiation](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/brand-differentiation/) - Definition: Brand differentiation in advertising occurs when the key sales message serves to differentiate the brand from the competition in a way that is... - [Brand Development Index (BDI)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/brand-development-index/) - Brand Development Index quantifies how well a brand performs within a specific group of customers, compared with its average performance among all customers. - [Brand Awareness](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/brand-awareness/) - Definition Brand awareness is defined as the percentage of potential customers or consumers who recognize—or name—a given brand. Marketers may research brand recognition on an "aided" or "prompted" level, posing such questions as, "Have you heard of Mercedes?" Alternatively, they may measure "unaided" or "unprompted" awareness, posing such questions as, "Which makes of automobiles come - [Bounce Rate](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/bounce-rate/) - Definition: Bounce rate is expressed as a percentage and represents the proportion of visits that end on the first page of the website that the visitor sees... - [Black Market](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/black-market/) - Definition Black market refers to the availability of merchandise that is difficult or impossible to purchase under normal market circumstances, often at higher than ordinary prices. These transactions are often illegal. [1] References American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Big Data](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/big-data/) - Definition: Big Data refers to large, diverse, and complex data sets that comprise large volumes of structured and unstructured information, characterized by... - [Bid Management Software](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/bid-management-software/) - Definition: Bid management software manages PPC campaigns automatically, called either rules-based software or intelligent software. Both types monitor and... - [Bid](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/bid/) - Definition A bid is a legal document in which a seller agrees to provide goods and/or services to a potential buyer at a specific price under specified conditions. Bidding is an invitation to potential suppliers to submit their offers and a price for a particular opportunity. Competitive bidding is the practice of competition in which firms submit offers - [Balance Sheet Method](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/balance-sheet-method/) - Definition: The balance sheet method involves gaining a commitment from a buyer by asking the buyer to think of the pros and cons of various alternatives... - [Bait Advertising](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/bait-advertising/) - from wallstreetmojo.com Definition Bait (or bait-and-switch) advertising is an alluring but deceptive and insincere offer whereby the advertiser does not intend to sell the advertised product or service at the unusually low advertised price. The intention is to increase traffic, and then switch the customer to a higher priced item when the customer comes to - [Back Order](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/back-order/) - Definition: In retailing, a back order is part of an order that the vendor has not filled on time and that the vendor intends to ship as soon as the goods... - [Awareness-Trial-Repeat (ATR)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/atr/) - Definition Awareness-trial-repeat (ATR) is a paradigm consisting of three key steps that take the intended person or firm from a state of ignorance about a new product to the point of product adoption. Awareness (cognition) may be of the product generally, its brand, and one or more of its attributes. Trial means some form of - [Awareness, Attitudes and Usage (AAU)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/awareness-attitudes-and-usage-aau/) - Definition: Studies of awareness, attitudes and usage enable marketers to quantify levels and trends in consumer knowledge, perceptions, beliefs, intentions... - [Average Price Per Unit](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/average-price-per-unit/) - Definition Average price per unit represents, quite simply, total sales revenue divided by total units sold. Many products, however, are sold in multiple variants, such as bottle sizes. In these cases, managers face a challenge: they must determine "comparable" units. Average unit price can be calculated by weighting different unit selling prices by the percentage - [Audience](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/audience/) - Definition target audience (from medium.com) Audience is the number and/or characteristics of the persons or households who are exposed to a particular type of advertising media or media vehicle. Audience duplication refers to the total number of persons or households exposed more than once to the same media vehicle or to a particular advertising campaign during a - [Attribution](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/attribution/) - Definition Attribution is the use of analytic models to assign credit for customer responses (typically sales) to exposure of marketing from various media channels. The ultimate goal of such an analysis is to more effectively or efficiently allocate marketing expenditures by understanding each channel’s individual contribution and synergy with other channels. One of the most - [Attraction Model](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/attraction-model/) - Definition The attraction model is a market-share model that predicts a particular brand's market share as the quotient of that brand's "attraction" divided by the sum of the "attraction level" for all brands in the market. The attraction level for a brand is often in turn expressed as a function of customer characteristics, the marketing - [Attitudes](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/attitudes/) - Definition: Measures of attitude concern consumer response to a brand or product – a combination of what consumers believe and how strongly they feel... - [Attention, Interest, Desire, Action (AIDA)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/aida/) - Definition: AIDA is an approach to understanding how advertising and selling work, assuming that the consumer passes through several steps in the process of... - [Assortment](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/assortment/) - Definition Retailing – Assortment is the range of choice offered to the consumer within a particular classification of merchandise. In terms of men's shirts, for example, it is the range of prices, styles, colors, patterns, and materials that is available for customer selection. Channels of distribution – Assortment is a combination of similar and/or complementary products - [Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/arbitrage-pricing-theory/) - Definition Arbitrage is the simultaneous purchase and sale of the same commodity or security in two different markets in an attempt to profit from price differences in the two markets. Arbitrage pricing theory (APT) is designed as a replacement for the untestable capital asset pricing model. In essence, the APT says that asset returns are - [Antitrust Laws](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/antitrust-laws/) - Federal antitrust policy: Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914, Robinson-Patman Act of 1936 and Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890... - [Annual Growth](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/annual-growth/) - Definition There are two common measures of growth. Year-on-year percentage growth (annual growth %) uses the prior year as a base for expressing percentage change from one year to the next. Over longer periods of time, compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is a generally accepted metric for average growth rates. In a survey of nearly - [Ancillary Service](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/ancillary-service/) - Definition Physical Distribution – Ancillary service is an offering provided by modal operators in addition to basic transportation services. The provision of such services typically includes sorting, storing goods prior to delivery, marking or tagging the product, and collecting rate shipment. Retailing – Ancillary services are those such as layaway, gift wrap, credit, and others - [Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/analytic-hierarchy-process/) - Definition Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a three-step process for making resource allocation decisions. from wallstreetmojo.com First, the organization's objectives, sub-objectives, and strategies are organized hierarchically. Next, the decision maker evaluates, in a pair-wise fashion, each of the elements in a particular stratum of the hierarchy with respect to its importance in accomplishing each of - [Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/analysis-of-variance/) - Definition Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a collection of statistical models used in order to analyze the differences among group means and their associated procedures (such as "variation" among and between groups). Factoral design is an experimental ANOVA technique that allows researchers to study the effects of two or more variables simultaneously; each level of each - [Alliance](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/alliance/) - Definition An alliance is a long-term relationship maintained by a commitment among two or more firms to voluntarily give up some of their operational autonomy in an effort to jointly pursue specific goals. The alliance's goal is to cooperatively build upon the combined resources of participating firms to improve the performance quality and competitiveness of - [All Commodity Volume (ACV)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/all-commodity-volume/) - Definition All commodity volume (ACV) represents the total annual sales volume of retailers that can be aggregated from individual store-level up to larger geographical sets. This measure is a ratio, and so is typically measured as a percentage (or on a scale from 0 to 100). The total dollar sales that go into ACV include - [Aging](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/aging/) - Definition In retail, aging is tracking the length of time merchandise has been in stock. In accounting, aging is the classification of accounts receivable according to the number of days outstanding. In food processing, aging is part of the curing process for certain goods such as tobacco, liquor, wine and cheese. See Also Life Cycle - [Advertising Strategy](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/advertising-strategy/) - Definition: Advertising strategy sets competitive frame, target market and message argument – a statement of the customer benefit and the specific product... - [Advertising Manager](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/advertising-manager/) - Definition: The advertising manager participates in the development of marketing plans, acts as the principal contact with the advertising agency, provides... - [Advertising Impression](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/advertising-impression/) - Definition: Advertising impressions, exposures, and opportunities to see (OTS) all refer to an estimate of the audience for a media "insertion" or campaign.,, - [Advertising Effectiveness](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/advertising-effectiveness/) - Definition: Advertising effectiveness refers to an evaluation of the extent to which a specific advertisement or advertising campaign meets the objectives... - [Adopter Categories](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/adopter-categories/) - Definition: Adopter categories are the five identifiable subgroups within a population that begin use of an innovation according to the sequence of adoption... - [Adaptive Planning](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/adaptive-planning/) - Definition Adaptive planning is an iterative process framework for organizing myriad information flows, analyses, issues and opinions that coalesce into strategic decisions. There are four stages to this process: situation assessment—the analysis of internal and environmental factors that influence business performance, combined with a comparison of past performance relative to objectives and expectations strategic thinking—identification - [Adaptive Experimentation](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/adaptive-experimentation/) - Definition Adaptive experimentation is an approach – and philosophy – for management decisions, calling for continuous experimentation to establish empirically the market response functions. Most common in direct marketing, it can and has been applied to advertising and other marketing mix variables. The experiment should reflect the needed variation in stimuli, cost of measuring the - [Ad Awareness](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/ad-awareness/) - Definition: Ad awareness is the percentage of target customers or accounts who demonstrate awareness (aided or unaided) of a brand's advertising.,, - [Activity-Based Costing (ABC)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/activity-based-costing/) - Definition Under activity-based costing (ABC), a wide range of costs are weighted and allocated to specific products through cost drivers—the factors that cause the costs to be incurred. See also Direct Product Profitability (DPP) References Farris, Paul W.; Neil T. Bendle; Phillip E. Pfeifer; and David J. Reibstein (2010). Marketing Metrics: The Definitive Guide - [Account Management](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/account-management/) - Account management is a collaborative practice contributing and adding value to a client’s business through deep expertise and specific technical knowledge... - [Account Executive](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/account-executive/) - Definition: An account executive is the person in an ad agency who serves as principal contact with a specific agency client and coordinates the work... - [Account Classification](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/account-classification/) - Definition: Account classification is the categorization of a salesperson's customers into groups for the purpose of developing a sales call plan... - [Accelerated Purchase](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/accelerated-purchase/) - Definition: Accelerated purchase is a phenomenon in which consumers or channel members purchase the product before the time they normally would have bought it. - [Automatic Checkout Machine (ACM)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/acm/) - Definition An automatic checkout machine (ACM) is a system whereby customers have the opportunity to check themselves out of a store by scanning their purchases with the point-of-sale system, entering their customer identification card, and receiving clearance to exit the store.[1] References American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. (April 2015) - [V](https://marketing-dictionary.org/v/) - Validity Valuation Value added Value added by marketing Value-adding reseller Value analysis Value-based pricing Value chain analysis Value engineering Value-expressive reference group influence Value in exchange Value in use Value-in-use analysis Value-in-use pricing Value-oriented pricing Value pricing Value propositionsVan Westendorp Price Model Variable costs Variable import levies Variable price policy Variety Variety seeking Variety store - [Value Added](https://marketing-dictionary.org/v/value-added/) - from swisherinc.com Definition Value added is a measure of the contribution to a product's worth by any organization that handles it on its way to the ultimate user. Value added is measured by subtracting the cost of a product (or the cost of ingredients from which it was made) from the price that the organization - [U](https://marketing-dictionary.org/u/) - Ultimate consumer, Ultimate user, Umbrella branding, Unadvertised brand, Unaided recall, Unattached adult, Underdelivery, Understored, Undifferentiated marketing... - [F](https://marketing-dictionary.org/f/) - Face validity Face value Facilitating agent Facing Fact sheet Factor analysis Factoral design Factory outlet center Factory pack Fad Fair market value... - [Competitive Position](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/competitive-position/) - Definition: Competitive position refers to the position of one business relative to others in the same industry. There are many factors contributing... - [CIR Planning Process](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/cir-planning-process/) - Definition CIR stands for Continuous Improvement in Return. Developed by the Marketing Accountability Standards Board (MASB), the CIR planning process is a method of planning for marketing funding, based upon the principles of CIR, most notably: teams compete for funding for their respective brands and vehicles based upon proven (or at least plausible) ability to - [Predictive Validity](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/predictive-validity/) - Definition: Predictive validity means evaluating the usefulness of the measuring instrument as a predictor of some other characteristic or behavior... - [Brand Activation](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/brand-activation/) - Definition: Brand activation is marketing that builds brand image and drives a specific consumer behavior. It encompasses all aspects of marketing outside... - [Black Box](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/black-box/) - Definition: Black box is a system viewed primarily in terms of input and output. A black box algorithm is one in which the user cannot see its inner workings. - [Ban](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/ban/) - Definition: A ban (delisting) refers to a punitive action (i.e., removal from the search engine index) imposed on a website or webpage by a search engine... - [Value in Use](https://marketing-dictionary.org/v/value-in-use/) - Definition: Value-in-use refers to the amount of money or goods that buyers would be willing to pay for a product. Its always greater than value-in exchange, - [Advertising Budget](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/advertising-budget/) - Definition from blog.ainfluencer.com An advertising budget is the money set aside by the advertiser to pay for advertising. There are a variety of methods for determining the most desirable size of an advertising budget. [1] In adaptive control budgeting, the advertiser uses test markets to examine the sales level and profitability of advertising spending levels that - [Accounts](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/accounts/) - Definition An account represents a customer that purchases a company’s products or services. [1] A house account (or direct account) is an important client, usually large, that is handled directly by executives or home-office personnel, rather than an account executive (advertising) or field sales force (sales). [1][2] A key account is one of an advertising agency‘s major clients. “Key” - [Relative Market Share](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/relative-market-share/) - Definition Relative market share indexes a firm’s or a brand’s market share against that of its leading competitor. from tdameritrade.com Market concentration, a related metric, measures the degree to which a comparatively small number of firms account for a large proportion of the market. These metrics are useful in comparing a firm’s or a brand’s - [Pay Per Click (PPC)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/pay-per-click/) - Definition Pay per click (PPC) is an Internet advertising pricing model in which advertisers pay advertising agencies and/or media companies based on how many users clicked on an online ad or a link in an email message. [1] Cost per click (i.e., the amount spent to get an advertisement clicked) is the metric used by - [Over-the-Top (OTT) Media](https://marketing-dictionary.org/o/over-the-top-ott-media/) - Definition Over-the-top (OTT) media are streaming services offered directly to viewers over the Internet. OTT bypasses cable, broadcast and satellite television platforms that traditionally act as a controller or distributor of such content. The term is currently most synonymous with subscription-based video on demand services that offer access to film and television content. This can include - [UMD Project](https://marketing-dictionary.org/about-project/) - A Universal Language for Marketing A significant hurdle in the drive toward marketing accountability has been the lack of agreed-upon definitions for commonly used marketing terms. Because a singular authority for marketing terms and definitions encourages trust and collaboration, marketing’s top industry associations, leading academics and subject matter experts have collaborated to produce this free - [Management Information System (MIS)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/m/management-information-system/) - Definition A management information system (MIS) is a set of procedures and methods for the regular, planned collection, analysis, and presentation of information for use in making management decisions. References American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Jury of Executive Opinion](https://marketing-dictionary.org/j/jury-of-executive-opinion/) - from mbaskool.com Definition A jury of executive (or expert) opinion is a research method in which the executives of a company are polled regarding a specific decision or forecast. [1] References American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Impact Evaluation](https://marketing-dictionary.org/i/impact-evaluation/) - Definition Impact evaluation refers to the comparison of program outcomes to original objectives. This is also known as outcome evaluation or summative evaluation. References American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Hurdle Rate](https://marketing-dictionary.org/h/hurdle-rate/) - Definition A project's hurdle rate is the established minimum rate of return at which investment is approved. [1] When determining the hurdle rate, several key factors are taken into account: [2] Risk premium: Higher-risk projects typically demand higher risk premiums. Inflation rate: Inflation can erode the value of returns over time. Including the inflation rate ensures - [Free On Board (FOB)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/f/free-on-board/) - Definition from freightcenter.com FOB stands for free on board, a shipping term used in U.S. and international commercial law. After the letters FOB, there is generally a designation of a place where title and control pass to the buyer. For example, FOB Plant means that the control and title to the goods pass to the - [Advertising Campaign](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/advertising-campaign/) - Definition An advertising campaign or marketing campaign is a set of coordinated, specific activities that are based on a common theme and designed to prhttps://marketing-dictionary.org/a/advertisingomote a product or business through different advertising media. In SEO marketing, campaign integration involves planning and executing a paid search campaign concurrently with other marketing initiatives, online or offline, or both. More than simply launching simultaneous campaigns, true integration takes all marketing initiatives into - [Family Life Cycle](https://marketing-dictionary.org/f/family-life-cycle/) - from researchgate.net Definition Family life cycle is a concept that describes changes in a family over time. Families account for a very large percentage of all consumer expenditures. Much of this spending is systematic and stems from natural needs that change as a family unit goes through its natural stages of life. These range from - [Depression](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/depression/) - Definition In business, depression is defined as a phase of the business cycle characterized by a rapid decline in gross national product and employment. References American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Decision Calculus Model](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/decision-calculus-model/) - Definition Decision calculus models are quantitative models of a process that are calibrated by examining subjective judgments about outcomes of the process (e.g., market share or sales of a firm) under a variety of hypothetical scenarios (e.g., advertising spending level, promotion expenditures). Once the model linking process outcomes to marketing decision variables has been calibrated, - [Core Product](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/core-product/) - Definition The core product or core benefit is the central benefit or purpose for which a consumer buys a product. The core product varies from purchaser to purchaser. The core product or core benefit may come either from the physical good or service performance, or from the augmented dimensions of the product. References American Marketing - [Concentration Ratio](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/concentration-ratio/) - Definition A three-firm (or four-firm) concentration ratio is the total (sum) of the market shares held by the top three (or four) competitors in a market. Concentration ratios can be measured for any given number of the top competitors, with Wikipedia listing four and eight as the most common. References Farris, Paul W.; Neil T. - [Complementary Products](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/complementary-products/) - Definition Product Development – Complementary products are products that are manufactured together, sold together, bought together, or used together. One aids or enhances the other. Economic – Complementary products are products whose demands are positively related, i.e., an increase in quantity demanded by the market of Product A results in an increase in the quantity - [Complement of Markup Percentage](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/complement-of-markup-percentage/) - Definition Complement of markup percentage refers to the portion of the selling price that covers costs other than cost of goods sold. These costs could include expenses like rent, utilities, salaries, and more. [1] It's calculated as one hundred percent less markup percentage on retail. [2] References Understanding Complement of Markup Percentage; affstuff.com/glossary/complement-of-markup-percentage/ American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Category Performance Ratio (CPR)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/category-performance-ratio/) - Definition Category performance ratio (CPR) refers to the relative performance of a retailer in a given product category, compared with its performance in all product categories. Distribution metrics quantify the availability of products sold through retailers, usually as a percentage of all potential outlets. Often, outlets are weighted by their share of category sales or - [Below-the-Line Marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/below-the-line-marketing/) - Definition Below-the-line cost refers to any cost in the advertising production process that is not specifically itemized in the production budget. [1] Below-the-line marketing is a term that has historically been used in reference to marketing activities that are relatively targeted and focused to specific groups of people that closely ties to sales and trade plans. Examples - [Barter](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/barter/) - Definition (Advertising) The practice of trading time or space in advertising media for merchandise or other nonmonetary forms of compensation. Syndicated television or radio programs are often carried by television and radio stations on a barter basis with the local stations receiving the syndicated program including some commercials in return for being able to sell - [Barcode](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/barcode/) - Definition A barcode is a graphic representation of data that uniquely identifies various aspects of product characteristics as well as additional information regarding delivery and handling instructions. The information is read by optical scanning devices and greatly increases the speed, accuracy, and productivity of the distribution process.[1] For more information about barcodes, see the detailed - [Account-Based Marketing (ABM)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/account-based-marketing/) - Account-Based Marketing ( ABM ) is a customer-centric strategic sales approach designed to manage the acquisition, growth, and retention of customer accounts... - [Number Terms](https://marketing-dictionary.org/number-terms/) - 1:1 marketing 3-firm concentration ratio 4-firm concentration ration 4 Ps 10 Characteristics of an Ideal Metric 80/20 rule ISO 10668 Brand Valuation ISO 20671 Brand Evaluation ISO 20671-3 Geographical Indications See Also Marketing Acts, Regulations & Standards Marketing Abbreviations - [Barriers to Competition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/barriers-to-competition/) - Definition Barriers to competition encompass the economic, legal, technical, psychological, or other factors that reduce competitive rivalry below the level that would otherwise occur naturally. They include branding, advertising, patents, entry restrictions, tariffs, and quotas. Product differentiation is also a barrier to competition. Barriers to entry include the economic, legal, psychological, technical, and other forces - [Administered Vertical Marketing System](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/administered-vertical-marketing-system/) - Definition An administered vertical marketing system is a form of vertical marketing system designed to control a line or classification of merchandise as opposed to an entire store's operation. Such systems involve the development of comprehensive programs for specified lines of merchandise. The vertically aligned companies, even though in a non-ownership position, may work together - [Usenet](https://marketing-dictionary.org/u/usenet/) - Definition Usenet is a collection of internet message boards, discussion groups or newsgroups where the users can post messages and these posted messages are distributed via Usenet servers. [1] Each board has a theme, and there are tens of thousands of usenets concerning every imaginable topic. Many of them cover professional subjects and societies and are - [Absolute Advantage](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/absolute-advantage/) - from necteo.com Definition When a country has the capacity to produce goods at a lower cost than another country, it is said to have an absolute production advantage. Even if a country has an absolute advantage in the production of all goods, it can still gain from specialization and trade if it has a comparative - [Habit](https://marketing-dictionary.org/h/habit/) - Definition A habit is a learned response to a stimulus that has become automatic and routine, requiring little or no cognitive effort. Habit formation is the process of learning a specific behavior often requiring practice or rehearsal of the response. There is considerable controversy, however, on just how much repetition or how many trials are necessary - [Competitive Brands](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/competitive-brands/) - Definition Competitive brands (or the evoked set) are the brands that are considered as alternatives by buyers in a particular market segment. Occasionally, it is used to mean a (smaller) set of products which a particular seller wishes to be competing with. More rarely, it means the full set of competitors competing in a given market. - [Buy Classes](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/buy-classes/) - Definition from mason.gmu.edu Buy classes refer to buying situations that are distinguished on four characteristics: [1] newness to decision makers number of alternatives to be considered uncertainty inherent in the buying situation the amount of information needed for making a buying decision There are three buy classes: [2] A new task purchase is a buying - [Cookie Policy (EU)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/cookie-policy-eu/) - This Cookie Policy was last updated on December 13, 2022 and applies to citizens and legal permanent residents of the European Economic Area and Switzerland.1. IntroductionOur website, https://marketing-dictionary.org (hereinafter: "the website") uses cookies and other related technologies (for convenience all technologies are referred to as "cookies"). Cookies are also placed by third parties we have - [Display Advertising (Point-of-Purchase)](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/display-advertising-point-of-purchase/) - retail point-of-purchase display Definition Point-of-purchase (POP) display advertising or POP marketing (sometimes referred to as marketing at retail) is advertising or other marketing communications placed at the point where the customer considers buying the product, usually at a retailer. POP advertising might include point-of-purchase displays, signs, banners, or other promotional materials. A traditional example is - [Asset](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/asset/) - Definition An asset is something an entity owns or has use of that generates income or other financial benefits. An asset can be tangible (something that can be touched) or intangible (unable to be touched) in nature. Tangible assets include such things as cash, stock, plants, equipment, inventory and real estate. Intangible assets include such - [Black Friday](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/black-friday/) - Definition: In marketing, Black Friday refers to the day after Thanksgiving in the U.S., which is marked by promotional sales and huge crowds... - [Pull Marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/pull-marketing/) - Definition Pull marketing describes marketer efforts and expenditures to influence consumer and customer demand and preference for marketer products. Examples are mass media advertising, distribution of coupons through mass media vehicles, and promotions targeted at consumers such as events and public relations efforts. [1] See also Push marketing References Common Language in Marketing Project, 2019. - [Push Marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/push-marketing/) - Definition Push marketing describes marketer efforts and expenditures to influence channel member stocking and promotional efforts. These might include sales force, trade promotions, funds paid to resellers or sales people for specific promotions. [1] See also Pull marketing References Common Language in Marketing Project, 2019. - [SaaS](https://marketing-dictionary.org/marketing-acronyms/saas/) - Definition SaaS is an acronym for Software as a Service. It refers to computer software which is accessed online via subscription rather than bought and installed on individual computers. References Common Language in Marketing Project, 2020. - [MARKETING TERM of the WEEK Email Subscription](https://marketing-dictionary.org/marketing-term-of-the-week-subscription/) - Test your knowledge and keep up with the latest marketing definitions by receiving MTOW in your inbox! Your address will NOT be stored on the site and will NEVER be sold or shared. MARKETING TERM of the WEEK is published Tuesday or Wednesday each week throughout the year. Thank you for participating! Please enable JavaScript - [Website Cookie Policy](https://marketing-dictionary.org/cookie-policy/) - As is common practice with nearly all professional websites, this site uses cookies, tiny files that are downloaded to your computer to improve your experience. We use cookies for a variety of reasons. When you submit data through a form such as those found on contact pages or comment forms cookies may be set to - [Thank You for Contributing!](https://marketing-dictionary.org/thank-you/) - We appreciate your taking time to share your ideas for the Common Language Marketing Dictionary. Comments will be read and responded to by project staff. Suggestions for new terms or edits of existing terms will be presented to the Common Language in Marketing Project team for consideration. We hope you will continue to help make - [Marketing Term of the Week Archive](https://marketing-dictionary.org/marketing-term-of-the-week-archive/) - ARCHIVE What term denotes the measurement of the impact of a brand on customers with both non-monetary and monetary considerations? ANSWER What is the term for the financial equity a company has in a brand as a transferrable asset? ANSWER Which marketing approach directly engages consumers and invites and encourages them to participate in a - [Project Partners](https://marketing-dictionary.org/project-partners/) - Managed by MASB, the Common Language in Marketing Project is an ongoing collaboration of marketing’s top industry associations: The Marketing Accountability Standards Board (MASB) of the Marketing Accountability Foundation is an independent, private sector, self-governing body of marketing and finance academics and practitioners whose Mission is to: Establish marketing measurement and accountability standards for continuous improvement - [McGuire-Keogh Fair Trade Enabling Act](https://marketing-dictionary.org/marketing-acts-regulations-standards/mcguire-keogh-fair-trade-enabling-act/) - Definition The McGuire-Keogh Fair Trade Enabling Act of 1952 declared that exemption of resale price maintenance agreements from antitrust laws as provided under the Miller-Tydings Resale Price Maintenance Act would be extended to non-signer agreements (whereby all dealers are bound to the contract if only one signs) in states that have non-signer clauses in their - [Sherman Antitrust Act](https://marketing-dictionary.org/marketing-acts-regulations-standards/sherman-antitrust-act/) - Definition The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 prohibits contracts, combinations, and conspiracies that restrain interstate or foreign trade, and prohibits monopolization, attempts to monopolize, and conspiracies to monopolize.[1] See also antitrust laws tying arrangement Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvement Act Miller-Tydings Resale Maintenance Act rule of reason References ^ American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Who Should Use](https://marketing-dictionary.org/who-should-use/) - Who Should Use It? The Common Language glossary is intended to provide agreed-upon definitions and metrics for common (and not so common) advertising and marketing terminology. This open-source, curated library combines the insights of leading marketing academics, industry trade associations, and subject matter experts with input from the broader community. New suggestions can be submitted - [Website Usability](https://marketing-dictionary.org/wxyz/website-usability/) - Definition Website usability refers to the ease with which visitors are able to use a website.[1] References ^ American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Task Force](https://marketing-dictionary.org/t/task-force/) - Definition In new-product development, a task force (or team) is a cross-functional team established for a new product idea to shepherd it through the various development stages until it is abandoned or approved for commercialization. The task force is composed of personnel (on loan, full time or part time) from departments such as marketing, research - [Single Price Store](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/single-price-store/) - Definition A single price store is a retailer operating under a single price policy.[1] See also Demand-oriented pricing One price policy One price retailer Variable price policy References ^ American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Share of Category](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/share-of-category/) - Definition Share of category is a metric which is derived in the same manner as market share, but is used to denote a share of market within a certain retailer or class of retailers (for example, mass merchandisers).[1] References ^ Farris, Paul W.; Neil T. Bendle; Phillip E. Pfeifer; and David J. Reibstein (2010). - [Sample Page](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/sample-page/) - This is an example page. It's different from a blog post because it will stay in one place and will show up in your site navigation (in most themes). Most people start with an About page that introduces them to potential site visitors. It might say something like this: Hi there! I'm a bike messenger - [Sales Velocity](https://marketing-dictionary.org/s/sales-velocity/) - Definition Sales velocity is a term describing the rate at which dollars or units pass through in a given time (basically, sales divided by distribution) and measures how well a brand sells when it is available. Two major sales velocity measures are sales per point of distribution (SPPD) and sales per million (sales per $MM).[1] - [Rate Differential](https://marketing-dictionary.org/r/rate-differential/) - Definition Rate differential is the difference between the local advertising and national advertising rates charged by a local media vehicle.[1] References ^ American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Partners](https://marketing-dictionary.org/p/partners/) - Partners The Marketing Accountability Standards Board (MASB) of the Marketing Accountability Foundation, is an independent, private sector, self-governing body of marketing and finance academics and practitioners whose Mission is to: Establish marketing measurement and accountability standards for continuous improvement in financial performance and for the guidance and education of business decision-makers and users of performance - [One-Price Retailer](https://marketing-dictionary.org/o/one-price-retailer/) - Definition A one-price retailer is a store that offers all merchandise at a fixed price, the same to all customers, as opposed to bargaining or negotiating a price.[1] See also Demand-oriented pricing One price policy Single price policy Single price store Variable price policy References ^ American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Loss-Leader Pricing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/l/loss-leader-pricing/) - Definition Loss-leader pricing is the featuring of items priced below cost or at relatively low prices to attract customers to the seller's place of business.[1] See also Leader pricing Loss leader References ^ American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Judgement Sample](https://marketing-dictionary.org/j/judgement-sample/) - Definition A judgment sample is a nonprobability sample (often called a purposive sample) in which the sample elements are handpicked because they are expected to serve the reserach purpose. Purpose xxxx Construction xxxx References We welcome comments that will help us improve the precision and clarity of our definitions. To submit a suggestion, please click - [Group buying](https://marketing-dictionary.org/g/group-buying/) - Definition Group buying refers to the consolidating of buying requirements for multiple stores or companies.[1] References ^ American Marketing Association. AMA Dictionary. We welcome comments that will help us improve the precision and clarity of our definitions. To submit a suggestion, please click on the Add Discussion bar below. Notes: Comments are limited to registered - [EBITDA](https://marketing-dictionary.org/marketing-acronyms/ebitda/) - Definition Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) is a measure of operating cash flow, which reduces the effect of accounting, financing, and tax policies on reported profits.[1] Purpose It is used to assess the "operating" profit of the business. It is a rough way of calculating how much cash the business is generating - [Demographic Information](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/demographic-information/) - Definition Demographic information is based on the age, gender, life-cycle stage and occupation of consumers.[1] References ^ American Marketing Association. AMA Dictionary. We welcome comments that will help us improve the precision and clarity of our definitions. To submit a suggestion, please click on the Add Discussion bar below.Notes: Comments are limited to registered users - [Departmentalizing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/departmentalizing/) - Definition Departmentalizing is the process of classifying merchandise into somewhat homogeneous groups known as departments.[1] References ^ American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Departmentalized Specialty Store](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/departmentalized-specialty-store/) - Definition Departmentalized specialty store is a term used to designate a retailer organized in the same way as a department store but handling a narrower range of merchandise.[1] References ^ American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Delivered Pricing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/delivered-pricing/) - Definition Delivered pricing is a form of geographical pricing in which the price quoted by the manufacturer includes both the list price and the transportation costs. In such cases, the prices are quoted as FOB destination, meaning the manufacturer bears the responsibility of selecting and paying for the method of transporting the product.[1] References ^ - [Delivery Period](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/delivery-period/) - Definition Delivery period is the normal time between the placing of an order and the receipt of stock.[1] References ^ American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Damaged Merchandise](https://marketing-dictionary.org/d/damaged-merchandise/) - Definition Distress merchandise ( or damaged merchandise) are goods that are (or soon will be) past the point where they can be sold at anything close to normal prices. This includes perishable, unfashionable, damaged, and unseasonal merchandise that still may have some market value.[1] References ^ American Marketing Association. Dictionary. (cited 26 May 2015). - [Corporate Vertical Marketing System](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/corporate-vertical-marketing-system/) - Definition Corporate vertical marketing system is a form of vertical marketing system in which all or most of the functions from production to distribution are at least partially owned and controlled by a single enterprise. Corporate systems typically operate manufacturing plants, warehouse facilities, and retail outlets.[1] References ^ American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Contextual Distribution](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/contextual-distribution/) - Definition Contextual distribution is the marketing decision to display search ads on certain publisher sites across the web instead of, or in addition to, placing PPC ads on search networks.[1][2] See also keyword keyword cloud keyword density keyword marketing keyword research keyword stuffing keyword targeting keywords tag contextual advertising contextual search contextual search campaigns - [Cohort](https://marketing-dictionary.org/c/cohort/) - Definition (consumer behavior definition) A fellow consumer or group of consumers grouped along some variable. For example, age cohort would be a group of consumers of approximately the same age. (marketing research definition) An aggregate of individuals who experience the same event within the same time interval.[1] References ^ American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [COD](https://marketing-dictionary.org/marketing-acronyms/cod/) - Definitions Cash on delivery Collect on delivery - [Brand Lift](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/brand-lift/) - Definition Brand lift is a measured increase in a dependent variable of interest associated with a specific branded company, product, or service.[1] References ^ American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Blog](https://marketing-dictionary.org/b/blog-2/) - [After-Sales Support](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/after-sales-support/) - Definition After-sales support refers to the services offered by the selling firm after the sale has been made to promote goodwill, ensure customer satisfaction, and develop customer loyalty.[1] References ^ American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Adjacencies Plan](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/adjacencies-plan/) - Definition An adjacencies plan is a store layout plan that determines which categories of merchandise will be placed adjacent to each other.[1] References ^ American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. - [Ad Council](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/ad-council/) - Definition Ad Council is a nonprofit organization in the United States composed of advertisers, advertising agencies, and advertising media whose purpose is to organize and carry out public service advertising. The Council selects particular public service organizations to support, identifies volunteer advertising agencies to create advertising campaigns for each selected public service organization, and coordinates - [Acquisition Value](https://marketing-dictionary.org/a/acquisition-value/) - Definition Acquisition value is the buyers' perceptions of the relative worth of a product or service to them. It is formally defined as the subjectively weighted difference between the most a buyer would be willing to pay for the item less the actual price of the item.[1] References ^ American Marketing Association, AMA Dictionary. ## Categories - [Uncategorized](https://marketing-dictionary.org/category/uncategorized/) - [MTOW](https://marketing-dictionary.org/category/marketing-term-of-the-week/) - [Project News](https://marketing-dictionary.org/category/project-news/) - [Top 10 Terms](https://marketing-dictionary.org/category/top-10-terms/) ## Tags - [marketing definitions](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/marketing-definitions/) - [marketing terms](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/marketing-terms/) - [marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/marketing/) - [advertising](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/advertising/) - [marketing research](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/marketing-research/) - [analytics](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/analytics/) - [marketing standards](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/marketing-standards/) - 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[student-athletes](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/student-athletes/) - [college sports](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/college-sports/) - [marketing glossary](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/marketing-glossary/) - [social media](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/social-media/) - [engagement](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/engagement/) - [strategic alliance](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/strategic-alliance/) - [point of purchase display](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/point-of-purchase-display/) - [cash discount](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/cash-discount/) - [price discrimination](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/price-discrimination/) - [brands](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/brands/) - [Seinfeld trivia](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/seinfeld-trivia/) - [arrival of goods](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/arrival-of-goods/) - [marketing defintions](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/marketing-defintions/) - [buying behavior](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/buying-behavior/) - [service innovation](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/service-innovation/) - [services marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/services-marketing/) - [marketing trends](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/marketing-trends/) - [ROO](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/roo/) - [marketing definition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/marketing-definition/) - [marketing termss](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/marketing-termss/) - [Top 10 marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/top-10-marketing/) - [sales strategy](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/sales-strategy/) - [product marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/product-marketing/) - [marketing language](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/marketing-language/) - [marketing lexicon](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/marketing-lexicon/) - [business english](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/business-english/) - [shopper marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/shopper-marketing/) - [diversity marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/diversity-marketing/) - [marketing education](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/marketing-education/) - [Internet advertising](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/internet-advertising/) - [customer definition](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/customer-definition/) - [marketing english](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/marketing-english/) - [business quiz](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/business-quiz/) - [marketing communication](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/marketing-communication/) - [sales terminology](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/sales-terminology/) - [CMO](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/cmo/) - [chief marketing officer](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/chief-marketing-officer/) - [marketing terminology](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/marketing-terminology/) - [marketing words](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/marketing-words/) - [marketing topics](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/marketing-topics/) - [top ten](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/top-ten/) - [marketing spending](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/marketing-spending/) - [metric certification](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/metric-certification/) - [marketing games](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/marketing-games/) - [marketing test](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/marketing-test/) - [sustainable marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/sustainable-marketing/) - [sustainability](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/sustainability/) - [green marketing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/green-marketing/) - [greenwashing](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/greenwashing/) - [product life cycle](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/product-life-cycle/) - [marketing games; word games](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/marketing-games-word-games/) - [word games](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/word-games/) - [marketing term of the week](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/marketing-term-of-the-week/) - [marketing vocabulary](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/marketing-vocabulary/) - [marketing ed](https://marketing-dictionary.org/tag/marketing-ed/)